31. Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will.
- A. analyze information in detail
- B. collect information efficiently
- C. switch its focus of memory
- D. extend its memory duration
答案：C
答案句：In 2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer (“an ostrich’s eye is bigger than its brain,” for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember the information, but they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but “adapting to new communications technology,” Sparrow says.
参考译文：2011年，斯帕罗领导了一项研究，参与者被要求在电脑上记录40条琐碎信息（例如“鸵鸟的眼睛比它的脑子大”）。一半参与者被告知信息将被删除，而另一半被告知信息会被保存。你猜怎么着？后者在之后被测试时没有努力回忆这些信息，因为他们知道可以在电脑上找到。在同一研究中，一组被要求同时记住信息和存储信息的文件夹。他们不记得信息本身，但记得如何找到文件夹。换句话说，人类记忆并未退化，而是在“适应新的通信技术”，斯帕罗说。
定位线索：题干“Sparrow's study”定位到第1段研究描述；文中“human memory is not deteriorating but 'adapting to new communications technology'”对应选项C“switch its focus of memory”（记忆焦点从记住信息本身转向记住如何找到信息）。
解析：题干问斯帕罗的研究表明人脑在互联网下会怎样。答案句指出参与者不记信息本身而记如何找到文件夹，即记忆焦点发生转移，对应C“switch its focus of memory”。A“分析信息”、B“高效收集信息”、D“延长记忆时长”均无原文依据，属无中生有。
32. The process of a cognitive offloading”.
- A. helps us identify false information
- B. keeps our memory from failing
- C. enables us to classify trivial facts
- D. lessens our memory burdens
答案：D
答案句：In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as “cognitive offloading.” Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance.
参考译文：从很实际的角度看，互联网正成为我们记忆的外部硬盘，这一过程被称为“认知卸载”。传统上，这一角色由数据库、图书馆和其他人承担。例如，你父亲可能从不记生日，因为你母亲记着。
定位线索：题干“cognitive offloading”定位到第2段；文中“external hard drive for our memories”对应选项D“lessens our memory burdens”（减轻记忆负担）。
解析：答案句将互联网比作“外部硬盘”，即把记忆任务外包给外部设备，从而减轻大脑记忆负担，对应D。A“识别虚假信息”、C“分类琐碎事实”无原文依据；B“防止记忆衰退”程度过重，原文只说减轻负担，未说防止衰退。
33. Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?
- A. It may reform our learning approach.
- B. It may impact our society negatively.
- C. It may enhance our adaptability to technology.
- D. It may interfere with our conceptual thinking.
答案：A
答案句：Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking—something that is not available on the Internet.
参考译文：一些人担心这对社会有破坏性影响，但斯帕罗看到了积极的一面。她建议，也许这一趋势将改变我们的学习方法，从关注个别事实和记忆转向强调更多概念性思维——这是互联网上无法获得的。
定位线索：题干“Sparrow support”定位到第2段斯帕罗观点；文中“change our approach to learning”对应选项A“reform our learning approach”（改革学习方法）。
解析：答案句明确斯帕罗认为互联网趋势会改变学习方法，对应A。B“对社会有负面影响”是“some worry”的观点，非斯帕罗；C“增强对技术的适应”偷换概念，原文说记忆适应技术而非人适应；D“干扰概念思维”与原文“emphasis on more conceptual thinking”相反。
34. It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains.
- A. requires further academic research
- B. is most studied in older adults
- C. is reflected in our reading speed
- D. depends on our web-surfing habits
答案：A
答案句：Still other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel J. Simons.
参考译文：还有其他专家说，要理解互联网如何影响我们的大脑还为时过早。例如，心理学家克里斯托弗·查布里斯和丹尼尔·西蒙斯写道，没有实验证据表明它会干扰我们的专注能力。
定位线索：题干“Paragraph 3”定位到第3段；文中“too soon to understand”和“no experimental evidence”对应选项A“requires further academic research”（需要进一步学术研究）。
解析：答案句指出“为时过早”且“没有实验证据”，暗示需要更多研究，对应A。B“在老年人中研究最多”无依据，文中仅提及一项涉及老年人的研究；C“反映在阅读速度”和D“取决于上网习惯”均无原文信息，属无中生有。
35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that.
- A. our reliance on the Internet will be costly
- B. the Internet is weakening our memory
- C. memory exercise is a must for our brains
- D. our ability to focus declines with age
答案：B
答案句：In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but “adapting to new communications technology,” Sparrow says. … “There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I’d have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,” observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm.
参考译文：换句话说，人类记忆并没有退化，而是在“适应新的通信技术”，斯帕罗说。 … “我们越来越依赖互联网可能会带来一些代价，但我必须想象总体而言收益将超过这些代价，”心理学教授本杰明·斯托姆评论道。
定位线索：题干“Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that”对应答案句：斯帕罗说“human memory is not deteriorating”（人类记忆没有退化），斯托姆说“benefits are going to outweigh those costs”（收益超过代价）；文中“not deteriorating”对应选项B“weakening our memory”（削弱记忆）的否定。
解析：题干问斯帕罗和斯托姆都不会同意的观点。答案句中斯帕罗明确说“human memory is not deteriorating”，即记忆没有退化，直接否定选项B“互联网在削弱我们的记忆”；斯托姆说“benefits are going to outweigh those costs”，即收益大于代价，也反对选项A“依赖互联网代价高昂”的消极说法。选项C“记忆锻炼是大脑必须的”和选项D“专注力随年龄下降”在文中均未提及，属于无中生有。最具迷惑性的是选项A，但斯托姆承认有“costs”，却强调收益更大，并非同意“代价高昂”这一负面观点。