2013年英语一 选句填空

第 1 段

The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

社会科学正在蓬勃发展。截至2005年,全世界各领域的专业社会科学家近五十万人,他们既在学术界工作,也在学术界之外工作。

第 2 段

Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today's global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41) Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.

然而,这一庞大的资源对当今全球性挑战的贡献还不够,这些挑战包括气候变化、安全、可持续发展和健康。所有这些问题都植根于人类行为:都需要行为改变和社会创新,以及技术发展。例如,遏制气候变化,既关乎改变消费模式和促进税收接受度,也关乎开发清洁能源。人类拥有消除饥饿所需的农业技术工具,从转基因作物到人造化肥。在这方面,问题同样是社会性的:食物、财富和繁荣的组织与分配。

第 3 段

(42) This is a shame – the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.

尽管存在这些因素,许多社会科学家似乎不愿解决此类问题。在欧洲,一些人强烈反对一项提案,该提案建议取消专门针对社会科学研究的特定资助类别,并将其整合到可持续发展的跨领域主题中。这是一种遗憾——社会科学界应该抓住这个机会来提升其在现实世界中的影响力。套用伟大的社会科学家JosephSchumpeter的话:没有创造性破坏就没有根本性创新。

第 4 段

Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords "environmental change" or "climate change" has increased rapidly since 2004. (43)

今天,社会科学在很大程度上聚焦于学科问题和内部学术辩论,而非具有外部影响的主题。分析显示,自2004年以来,包含关键词"环境变化"或"气候变化"的论文数量迅速增加。然而,这些数字仍然很小:2010年,在全球发表的约10万篇社会科学论文中,约有1600篇包含其中一个关键词。

第 5 段

When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.

当社会科学家确实处理实际问题时,他们的范围往往是局部的:例如,比利时主要关注贫困对比利时的影响。而且,该群体的工作是否对知识的整体积累有多大贡献是值得怀疑的。

第 6 段

The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (44) This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today's economic climate.

问题不一定在于可用资金的数额。在20世纪90年代后期,社会科学和人文科学的国家支出占所有研究与开发资金(包括政府、高等教育、非营利组织和企业)的百分比从约4%到25%不等;在大多数欧洲国家,这一比例约为15%。只要投向正确的方向,这是一个充足的数额。抱怨资金不足的社会科学家不应期待在当今的经济环境下获得更多资金。

第 7 段

The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.

诀窍在于更好地引导这些资金。欧盟框架资助计划长期以来一直有一个专门针对社会科学家的类别。今年,有人提议改变这一制度:将于2014年实施的新计划Horizon 2020将不设这样的类别。这引发了社会科学家的抗议。但其意图并非忽视社会科学;恰恰相反。这一想法是迫使社会科学家将其工作与其他类别整合,包括健康和人口变化;粮食安全;海洋研究和生物经济;清洁高效能源;以及包容、创新和安全的社会。这应该能创造更多合作努力,并有助于发展直接旨在解决全球问题的项目。