2020年英语一 小标题匹配

第 1 段

In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic, such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact:

在社交场合中,与他人进行眼神接触可以表明你正在以友好的方式关注对方。但它也可能带有敌意,例如当一位政治候选人在辩论中转向其竞争对手并进行眼神接触以发出敌意信号时。

第 2 段

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眼神接触可以是一种友好的社交信号

第 3 段

We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common- sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.

我们知道,典型的婴儿会本能地凝视母亲的眼睛,而母亲也会回望。这种相互凝视是母子依恋关系的重要组成部分。在成年期,以愉快的方式注视他人可以是表达关注的赞许信号。它可以在拥挤的房间里吸引某人的注意力,"眼神接触和微笑"可以传递可接近性和自信,这一常识性概念得到了心理学家Monica Moore研究的支持。

第 4 段

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眼神接触背后的生物学因素正在被研究

第 5 段

Neuroscientist Bonnie Auyeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researchers, using advanced methods of brain scanning.

神经科学家Bonnie Auyeung发现,当记录凝视方向时,催产素激素增加了男性在简短面试中对采访者的眼神接触量。这一现象在具有某些自闭症谱系症状的高功能男性中也被发现,这些人可能倾向于避免眼神接触。其他研究人员正在使用先进的脑部扫描方法探索在直接凝视期间做出反应的特定脑区。

第 6 段

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眼神接触可能具有攻击性。

第 7 段

With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.

通过使用眼动追踪技术,哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院的Julia Minson得出结论,眼神接触可以根据情境传递非常不同类型的信息。虽然眼神接触在友好情境中可能是联系或信任的标志,但在对抗性情境中它更可能与支配或威胁相关联。"无论你是政治家还是家长,记住如果你试图说服持有与你不同信念的人,试图保持眼神接触可能会适得其反,这可能会有所帮助,"Minson说。

第 8 段

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眼睛注视是短暂的

第 9 段

When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.

当我们看一张脸或一幅图片时,我们的眼睛每次在一个点上停留,通常是在眼睛或嘴巴上。这些停留通常以每秒约三次的频率发生,然后眼睛跳到另一个点,直到图像中的几个重要点像一系列快照一样被记录下来。整个图像如何被组装和感知仍然是一个谜,尽管这是当前研究的主题。

第 10 段

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人格可以影响一个人对眼神接触的反应

第 11 段

In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self- consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored highly for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.

根据芬兰研究员Jari Hietanen及其同事的研究,在神经质测试中得分较高的人(神经质是与自我意识和焦虑相关的人格维度),眼神接触触发了更多与回避相关的活动。"我们的研究结果表明,人们在成为关注焦点时不仅感觉不同,而且他们的大脑反应也不同。"一个更直接的发现是,在负面情绪(如焦虑)方面得分较高的人注视他人的时间更短,并且当他人不直接看着他们时会感到更舒适。