61. The author mentions the joke to show ______.
- A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago
- B. Chicago's streets were extremely muddy
- C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring
- D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous
答案：B
答案句：In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, “No, thanks. I've got a good horse under me.”
参考译文：在早期历史上，芝加哥经常发生洪水，尤其是在春天，使得街道非常泥泞，以至于人、马和马车都陷进去。当时流行的一个老笑话大致是这样的：一个人陷在芝加哥泥泞的街道上，齐腰深。有人问他是否需要帮助，他回答说：“不用了，谢谢。我胯下有一匹好马。”
定位线索：题干“the joke”→答案句为笑话本身“A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street”；文中“muddy”对应选项B“extremely muddy”
解析：题干问作者提及笑话的目的，答案句先描述“streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck”，随后笑话具体描绘了人陷在泥泞街道的场景，笑话本身是例子，其前的背景句“making the streets so muddy”才是关键，正确选项B是对该背景句的同义转述。选项A、D是笑话字面内容，并非作者目的；选项C“dangerous”在原文中未提及，属于无中生有。
62. The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to_______.
- A. get rid of the street dirt
- B. lower the Chicago River
- C. fight against heavy floods
- D. build the pipes above ground
答案：D
答案句：An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced me the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.
参考译文：一位名叫埃利斯·切斯布鲁的工程师说服了这座城市，它别无选择，只能在地面上建造管道，然后用泥土覆盖。
定位线索：题干“Ellis Chesbrough”→答案句“Ellis Chesbrough convinced...to build the pipes above ground”；文中“build the pipes above ground”对应选项D“build the pipes above ground”
解析：题干问城市规划者被埃利斯·切斯布鲁说服去做什么，答案句明确指出“build the pipes above ground”，与选项D完全一致。选项B“lower the Chicago River”是之前考虑的选项之一，但被否定；选项A、C在原文中未提及，属于无中生有。
63. The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means “_______”.
- A. change
- B. lift
- C. repair
- D. decorate
答案：B
答案句：Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.
参考译文：建筑业主面临一个选择：要么把建筑的一楼改成地下室，把二楼改成主楼层，要么把整栋建筑吊起来以适应新的街道高度。小型木结构建筑可以相当容易地被吊起。
定位线索：题干“hoist”在答案句“or hoist the entire buildings”中；后句“could be lifted”对应选项B“lift”
解析：题干要求猜测“hoist”的词义，答案句中“hoist the entire buildings”与后句“Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily”形成对照，说明“hoist”意为“lift”，即“吊起、举起”，对应选项B。选项A“change”是另一种选择，但非“hoist”含义；选项C、D与上下文无关。
64. What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?
- A. It went on smoothly as intended.
- B. It interrupted the business of the hotel.
- C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.
- D. It separated the building from its foundation.
答案：A
答案句：At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening.
参考译文：在普尔曼的信号下，每个人同时转动相同数量的螺旋千斤顶，从而缓慢而均匀地抬起建筑。令人惊讶的是，特雷蒙特酒店在整个操作过程中保持营业，许多客人甚至没有注意到任何事情发生。
定位线索：题干“moving operation of the Tremont Hotel”→答案句“raising the building slowly and evenly”和“stay open...didn't even notice”；文中“slowly and evenly”对应选项A“went on smoothly as intended”
解析：题干问关于特雷蒙特酒店移动操作的结论，答案句描述操作“slowly and evenly”且酒店“stay open”，客人“didn't even notice”，说明操作顺利，符合预期，对应选项A。选项B“interrupted”与“stay open”矛盾；选项C“Pullman turning ten jackscrews”错误，原文是“each man”操作“roughly 10 jackscrews”；选项D“separated”在原文中未提及。
65. The passage is mainly about the early Chicago's ______.
- A. popular life styles and their influences
- B. environmental disasters and their causes
- C. engineering problems and their solutions
- D. successful businessmen and their achievements
答案：C
答案句：The city planner decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city. … This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. … But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.
参考译文：城市规划者决定建造地下排水系统，但地面高度和水位之间根本没有足够的差异。唯一两个选择是降低芝加哥河或抬高城市。……这当然产生了新问题：泥土几乎埋没了芝加哥每栋建筑的一楼。……但在芝加哥的早期历史上，每个工程解决方案似乎都产生了新问题。既然芝加哥的废水高效地排入芝加哥河，城市的下一步就是清理受污染的河流。
定位线索：题干“mainly about”→答案句“every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem”和“the city's next step was to clean the polluted river”；文中“engineering solution”对应选项C“engineering problems and their solutions”
解析：题干问文章主旨，答案句贯穿全文，从排水问题到抬高城市，再到新问题，最后提到清理河流，整体围绕工程问题及其解决方案展开，对应选项C。选项A“生活风格”未提及；选项B“环境灾难”只是部分内容，范围过窄；选项D“成功商人”仅涉及普尔曼，非主旨。