4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
- A. We pay little attention to food waste.
- B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
- C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
- D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
答案：B
答案句：But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
参考译文：但我最终加班到很晚。随后朋友们打来电话约我吃晚餐。我把鸡肉放进了冰箱。可日子一天天过去，芝麻菜坏了。更糟的是，我无意中买了太多；我扔掉的那些本可以做出六份沙拉。
定位线索：题干“the arugula story”→答案句取自第1段芝麻菜变坏的经过；文中“unthinkingly bought way too much”和“could have made six salads with what I threw out”对应选项B“We waste food unintentionally at times”（unthinkingly=unintentionally，threw out=waste）。
解析：题干问作者讲芝麻菜的故事想说明什么。答案句讲述作者因加班和朋友邀约，芝麻菜放坏了，且“unthinkingly bought way too much”（无意中买了太多），最后扔掉的食材本可做出六份沙拉，说明人们有时会在无意中浪费食物，对应B项。选项A“We pay little attention to food waste”程度过重，作者开头就说自己“mindful of food that goes to waste”，并非不关注；选项C“浪费蔬菜多于肉类”无中生有；选项D“浪费有正当理由”与作者自责、懊恼的态度相反。
5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
- A. Moral decline.
- B. Environmental harm.
- C. Energy shortage.
- D. Worldwide starvation.
答案：B
答案句：Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem.
参考译文：生产没人吃的食物，会浪费种植它所使用的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。
定位线索：题干“consequence of food waste”→答案句第3段“That makes food waste an environmental problem”；文中“wastes the water, fuel, and other resources”“environmental problem”对应选项B“Environmental harm”。
解析：题干问食物浪费的后果，答案句先指出生产没人吃的食物浪费水、燃料等资源，随后点明“食物浪费成为一个环境问题”，即造成环境危害，对应B项。选项A“道德败坏”程度过重——文中“goes against the moral grain”是他人评价而非后果，且“moral decline”偷换概念；选项C“能源短缺”无中生有，文中只说浪费资源未言短缺；选项D“全球饥饿”答非所问，饥饿只是文章背景，并非食物浪费的直接后果。
6. What does Curtin’s company do?
- A. It produces kitchen equipment.
- B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
- C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
- D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
答案：D
答案句：Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.
参考译文：柯廷是华盛顿特区DC Central Kitchen的首席执行官，该机构回收食物并将其转化为健康的餐食。
定位线索：题干“Curtin's company”→答案句“DC Central Kitchen”；文中“recovers food and turns it into healthy meals”对应选项D“makes meals out of unwanted food”（“recovers food”=回收不需要的食物，“turns it into healthy meals”=制作餐食）。
解析：题干问柯廷的公司做什么，答案句明确指出DC Central Kitchen“recovers food and turns it into healthy meals”，即回收食物并制作成健康餐食，与选项D“makes meals out of unwanted food”（用不需要的食物制作餐食）直接对应。选项A“produces kitchen equipment”无中生有，文中未提及厨房设备；选项B“turns rotten arugula into clean fuel”偷换概念，文中提到的是回收食物而非转化为燃料；选项C“helps local farmers grow fruits”范围扩大，文中未提及帮助农民种植。
7. What does Curtin suggest people do?
- A. Buy only what is needed.
- B. Reduce food consumption.
- C. Go shopping once a week.
- D. Eat in restaurants less often.
答案：A
答案句：“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
参考译文：“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是通过每周购物时不购买超过必要的食物，还是通过要求餐馆不要包含你不会吃的配菜，”柯廷说。
定位线索：题干“Curtin suggest people do”→答案句为柯廷的直接引语“not purchasing more food than necessary”；文中“not purchasing more food than necessary”对应选项A“Buy only what is needed”（只买需要的）。
解析：题干问柯廷建议人们做什么，答案句直接引用柯廷的话，其中“not purchasing more food than necessary”意为“不购买超过必要的食物”，与选项A“Buy only what is needed”（只买需要的）同义转述。选项B“减少食物消费”范围过大，柯廷并未建议减少总体消费；选项C“每周购物一次”曲解了“weekly shopping”仅为时间状语，非建议内容；选项D“少去餐馆吃饭”与原文“asking restaurants to not include the side dish”不符，柯廷建议的是要求餐馆去掉不吃的配菜，而非减少去餐馆。因此A正确。