In recent years, the elderly population in China has been growing continuously. In response, the Chinese government is taking various measures to promote the development of the elderly care service system, so that the elderly can enjoy a healthy and happy life in their later years. Various elderly care institutions have been built across the country. To improve the service quality of these institutions, the government has issued a series of standards, strengthening the supervision of them. To make dining more convenient for the elderly, many cities have opened community canteens, which provide affordable meals for them. In addition, elderly people with limited mobility can also enjoy home meal delivery services. At the same time, China is also actively exploring other elderly care models, such as home-based and community-based care, to ensure that all the elderly are well cared for in their old age.
逐句译法
1. 近年来,中国老龄人口持续增长。
参考译法:In recent years, the elderly population in China has been growing continuously.
主干:老龄人口(主语)+ 增长(谓语)(主语策略:原句主语)中文已有明确主语 中国老龄人口,直接作英文主语 the elderly population in China;核心动词是 持续增长,作谓语 has been growing / continues to grow。主干即「人口 + 在增长」。
语法点:- 时态「近年来 + 持续增长」表示从过去延续到现在并仍在继续,最贴的是现在完成进行时 has been growing;若拿不准,用一般现在时 continues to grow 也对,但不要用一般过去时 grew(那会变成「过去增长过、现在不增了」,与原意相反)。 - 主谓一致主语 the elderly population 是单数(population 作整体),谓语动词用单数 has / continues,不要写成 have / continue。
降级处理:时间状语前置 + 副词修饰动词本句结构简单,几乎无需降级。只把 近年来 处理成时间状语 in recent years 放句首,持续 这一「持续地」的意思用 has been growing 的进行体或 continuously 副词体现,不必单独成句。
2. 中国政府正采取各种措施,推进养老服务体系建设,使老年人晚年生活健康幸福。
参考译法:The Chinese government is taking various measures to promote the development of the elderly care service system, so that the elderly can enjoy a healthy and happy life in their later years.
主干:政府(主语)+ 采取(谓语)+ 措施(宾语)(主语策略:原句主语)主语是 中国政府 → the Chinese government;最核心的动作是 采取各种措施,作主谓宾 is taking various measures。后面「推进……」「使……」都是采取措施要达到的目的,不与「采取」并列作谓语。
语法点:- 时态正采取 的「正」表此刻进行,用现在进行时 is taking,在全篇一般现在时基调上的合理偏离。 - 单复数各种措施 是多种,measures 用复数;the elderly 作复数群体,后面用 can enjoy 复数动词。 - 用词「晚年生活」译 their later years / their old age 即可,不必逐字译「生活 life」再加 in old age,避免啰嗦。
降级处理:两个「目的」降级为不定式推进养老服务体系建设 是采取措施的目的 → 降级为 to promote the development of the elderly care service system;使老年人晚年生活健康幸福 是更远的目的 → 用 so that 从句或 to ensure 接出来:so that the elderly can enjoy a healthy and happy life in their later years。这样三个中文动词被理顺成「谓语 + 目的 + 目的」的层级,而非流水句。
3. 全国兴建了各类养老服务机构。
参考译法:Various elderly care institutions have been built across the country.
主干:各类养老服务机构(受动者作主语)+ 被兴建(主语策略:转被动)中文 全国兴建了各类养老服务机构 是无明确施动者的无主句(「全国」是地点不是真正主语),动作的承受者是「机构」。把承受者提作主语转被动:Various elderly care institutions have been built across the country。
语法点:- 时态语态兴建了 的「了」表已完成且机构现仍在,用现在完成时被动 have been built;这是相对全篇一般现在时的合理偏离。 - 单复数各类 机构不止一类一所,institutions 用复数,对应助动词用 have been。
降级处理:「全国」降级为地点状语全国 不作主语,降级为地点状语 across the country / nationwide 放句末。各类 作定语 various / all kinds of 修饰 institutions。本句结构短,转被动后即成。
4. 为了提升养老机构的服务质量,政府颁布了一系列标准,加强对养老机构的监管。
参考译法:To improve the service quality of elderly care institutions, the government has issued a series of standards, strengthening the supervision of these institutions.
主干:政府(主语)+ 颁布(谓语)+ 一系列标准(宾语)(主语策略:原句主语)主干是 政府颁布了一系列标准 → the government has issued a series of standards。为了提升……服务质量 是目的状语,加强对养老机构的监管 是颁布标准带来的结果/并列动作,均不作主干谓语。
语法点:- 时态颁布了 表已完成且标准现行有效,用现在完成时 has issued;与第3句同理,是基调的合理偏离。 - 指代第二次出现的 养老机构 用 these institutions 或 them 回指,避免与句首 institutions 重复,体现衔接。 - 单复数与冠词一系列标准 → a series of standards,standards 复数;service quality 作不可数概念不加 s。
降级处理:目的状语前置 + 结果用现在分词为了提升养老机构的服务质量 → 不定式短语 To improve the service quality of elderly care institutions 置于句首作目的状语;加强对养老机构的监管 是颁布标准自然带来的结果,降级为现在分词状语 strengthening the supervision of these institutions 挂在主句后,避免再起一个 and 平句。
5. 许多城市为方便老年人用餐,开设了社区食堂,为他们提供价格实惠的饭菜。
参考译法:To make dining more convenient for the elderly, many cities have opened community canteens, which provide affordable meals for them.
主干:许多城市(主语)+ 开设(谓语)+ 社区食堂(宾语)(主语策略:原句主语)主语是 许多城市 → Many cities;核心动作 开设了社区食堂 作主谓宾 have opened community canteens。为方便老年人用餐 是目的,为他们提供价格实惠的饭菜 是食堂的功能/结果,均降级处理。
语法点:- 时态开设了 表已建成且仍在运营,用现在完成时 have opened;主语 Many cities 复数,用 have。 - 用词价格实惠的 译 affordable(买得起的)最准,不要直译 cheap(含「廉价低质」贬义),这是用词准确度的得分点。 - 单复数社区食堂 多个城市各有,canteens 用复数;meals 也用复数。
降级处理:一目的不定式 + 一功能定语从句为方便老年人用餐 → 目的状语 to make dining more convenient for the elderly;为他们提供价格实惠的饭菜 是食堂的功能,降级为定语从句 which provide affordable meals for them 修饰 canteens,避免再用 and 平排第三个动词。
6. 行动不便的老年人还能享受上门送餐服务。
参考译法:In addition, elderly people with limited mobility can also enjoy home meal delivery services.
主干:行动不便的老年人(主语)+ 能享受(谓语)+ 上门送餐服务(宾语)(主语策略:原句主语)主语是 行动不便的老年人 → elderly people with limited mobility;谓语宾语为 还能享受上门送餐服务 → can also enjoy home meal delivery services。本句主谓宾齐全,是个相对完整的简单句。
语法点:- 时态本句讲常态服务,回指全篇一般现在时基调,用 can also enjoy,不必偏离。 - 单复数行动不便的老年人 是一类人,elderly people 用复数;services / meals 用复数。 - 副词位置还 表递进「除了堂食还能送上门」,用 also 放在 can 之后 enjoy 之前;同时为衔接上句,可在句首加 In addition。
降级处理:「行动不便的」用后置介词短语作定语行动不便的 修饰老年人,英文优先后置:with limited mobility / who have difficulty moving around 放在 elderly people 之后。上门送餐 译为 home delivery of meals / home meal delivery 作定语修饰 services。本句无多余动词,无需大改。
7. 同时,中国还在积极探索居家和社区养老等其他养老模式,以确保所有老年人老有所养。
参考译法:At the same time, China is also actively exploring other elderly care models, such as home-based and community-based care, to ensure that all the elderly are well cared for in their old age.
主干:中国(主语)+ 探索(谓语)+ 其他养老模式(宾语)(主语策略:原句主语)主语 中国 → China;核心动作 还在积极探索……其他养老模式 作主谓宾 is also actively exploring other elderly care models。以确保所有老年人老有所养 是目的,降级为 to ensure 不定式。
语法点:- 时态还在积极探索 的「还在」表此刻持续进行,用现在进行时 is exploring,与第2句的「正采取」同类,是基调上的合理偏离。 - 四字格意译老有所养 不可逐字译,意为「年老时得到妥善照料」→ all the elderly are well cared for / receive proper care in their old age。这是最考验是否懂「重表意而非对字」的地方。 - 单复数与连接其他养老模式 不止一种,models 复数;居家和社区养老 两种并列用 and 连接 home-based and community-based。
降级处理:举例成分用 such as,目的用不定式居家和社区养老等 是对「其他养老模式」的举例,用 such as home-based and community-based elderly care 插在 models 后;以确保所有老年人老有所养 降级为目的状语 to ensure that all the elderly are well cared for。注意「老有所养」意译,不可逐字。
词汇与译名提示
老龄人口拟定统一译法:the elderly population(或 the aging population)。取意译,中国老龄人口持续增长 指老年人口这一群体规模在增长,elderly/aging 都是英文介绍老龄化的约定俗成词;全篇凡指这一群体统一用 the elderly。
养老服务机构拟定统一译法:elderly care institutions / institutions for elderly care。意译,全国兴建了各类养老服务机构 与后文 养老机构 是同一所指,须前后用同一译法,不要一会儿 institution 一会儿 organization。