For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中文原文
自古以来,中国的水资源北缺南丰,分布极不均衡。为了有效解决北方严重缺水问题,中国政府实施了南水北调工程(the South-to-North Water Diversion Project)。这是一项跨区域配置水资源的宏大水利工程。历经数十年的规划与筹备,工程于2002年开工建设,分为东、中、西三条线路,总长4350公里,惠及人口将超过4亿。自2014年通水以来,工程向北方调水累计已超500亿立方米,为北方地区的人民提供了可靠的水资源,同时也极大地改善了这一地区的生态环境,促进了经济的可持续健康发展。
参考译文
Since ancient times, China's water resources have been unevenly distributed, with water scarce in the north but abundant in the south. To effectively address the severe water shortage in the north, the Chinese government launched the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. It is a massive cross-regional water conservancy project for allocating water resources. After decades of planning and preparation, the project began construction in 2002. Divided into eastern, central and western routes with a total length of 4,350 kilometers, it is expected to benefit more than 400 million people. Since the water supply began in 2014, the project has diverted over 50 billion cubic meters of water to the north, providing reliable water resources for people in the region, while greatly improving the local ecological environment and promoting sustainable and healthy economic development.
逐句译法
1. 自古以来,中国的水资源北缺南丰,分布极不均衡。
参考译法:Since ancient times, China's water resources have been unevenly distributed, with water scarce in the north but abundant in the south.
主干:水资源 + 分布 + 不均衡(主语策略:原句主语)中文主语是「水资源」,谓语核心是「分布……不均衡」。立骨架:China's water resources are unevenly distributed。中国的水资源……分布极不均衡 提为主干,「北缺南丰」作为分布不均衡的具体说明降级处理。
语法点:- 时态回指全篇基调,陈述客观长期事实,用一般现在时 are distributed;「自古以来」只是强调由来已久,不必改成完成时。 - 单复数water resources 作「水资源」固定用复数;the north / the south 特指中国的南北方,加定冠词 the。
降级处理:北缺南丰降级为分词/介词结构北缺南丰 是对「分布不均衡」的进一步说明,不要照中文用 and 平铺成 the north lacks and the south is rich。可降级成 with 独立结构作伴随状语:with the north short of water and the south abundant in it;自古以来 译为句首时间状语 Since ancient times。
2. 为了有效解决北方严重缺水问题,中国政府实施了南水北调工程(the South-to-North Water Diversion Project)。
参考译法:To effectively address the severe water shortage in the north, the Chinese government launched the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.
主干:中国政府 + 实施 + 工程(主语策略:原句主语)主语是 中国政府(the Chinese government),谓语「实施」译 launched / implemented,宾语是工程。骨架:The Chinese government launched the South-to-North Water Diversion Project。
语法点:- 时态「实施了」是已完成的具体动作,结合下文 2002 年开工的历史脉络,本句用一般过去时 launched,属对全篇现在时基调的合理偏离。 - 用词「解决问题」避免一律用 solve,address / tackle the problem 更地道;「严重缺水」译 severe water shortage。 - 专名工程名照抄原文括号官方译名 the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,首字母大写、不可自译。
降级处理:为了……降级为不定式目的状语为了有效解决北方严重缺水问题 降级成 To effectively address the severe water shortage in the north 置于句首作目的状语;专名照抄括号里的官方译名。
3. 这是一项跨区域配置水资源的宏大水利工程。
参考译法:It is a massive cross-regional water conservancy project for allocating water resources.
主干:这 + 是 + 宏大水利工程(主语策略:原句主语)典型的 A is B 判断句。主语「这」指代上句的工程,译 It;系动词 is;表语是「宏大水利工程」。骨架:It is a massive water conservancy project。
降级处理:跨区域配置水资源作前后置定语跨区域配置水资源的 是修饰「工程」的长定语:「跨区域」用形容词 cross-regional 前置,「配置水资源」用现在分词短语 allocating water resources 后置。译为 a massive cross-regional water conservancy project for allocating water resources,长定语前后分流,不全堆在名词前。
参考译法:After decades of planning and preparation, the project began construction in 2002. Divided into eastern, central and western routes with a total length of 4,350 kilometers, it is expected to benefit more than 400 million people.
主干:工程 + 开工建设(主语策略:原句主语)这是一句多动词的长流水句,但核心主谓只有一个:主语 工程(the project),核心谓语是 于2002年开工建设(began construction in 2002)。其余「历经……」「分为……」「总长……」「惠及……」全是围绕工程的附加信息,须降级,不能全提成并列谓语。
语法点:- 时态「2002年开工」是过去明确时点,用一般过去时 began;「惠及人口将超过4亿」含「将」,是预期,用 is expected to benefit / will benefit,体现一般现在/将来。 - 语态「分为三条线路」是工程「被」分,用被动 be divided into/is divided into;本篇用过去分词 divided 作定语承接。 - 数字与单位4350 公里写 4,350 kilometers;4 亿写 400 million(不是 4 hundred million,hundred 不加 s);线路是三条,routes 用复数。
降级处理:四个附加信息分别降级安放历经数十年的规划与筹备→现在分词短语前置 After decades of planning and preparation;分为东、中、西三条线路→过去分词作定语 divided into eastern, central and western routes;总长4350公里→with 独立结构 with a total length of 4,350 kilometers;惠及人口将超过4亿→另起独立句或定语从句 and is expected to benefit more than 400 million people。四股信息各用不同从属结构挂上,避免 and 一路平铺。
参考译法:Since the water supply began in 2014, the project has diverted over 50 billion cubic meters of water to the north, providing reliable water resources for people in the region, while greatly improving the local ecological environment and promoting sustainable and healthy economic development.
主干:工程 + 调水/提供/改善/促进(主语策略:原句主语)主语仍是 工程(the project,可用 it 承接)。这句有多个并列动作:「调水超500亿立方米」「提供水资源」「改善生态环境」「促进发展」。可让「调水」作主干谓语,后三个「提供/改善/促进」处理成并列谓语或分词结果状语。骨架:the project has diverted over 50 billion cubic meters of water。
降级处理:自……以来前置 + 后续成果降级自2014年通水以来→Since the water supply began in 2014 作时间状语前置;为北方地区的人民提供了可靠的水资源 与主干并列;同时也极大地改善了这一地区的生态环境,促进了经济的可持续健康发展→用现在分词作结果状语 greatly improving the local ecological environment and promoting sustainable and healthy economic development,把后两项成果降级成伴随/结果,主次分明。
词汇与译名提示
南水北调工程原文已直接给出官方英译 南水北调工程(the South-to-North Water Diversion Project),括号里就是约定俗成的官方译名,照抄即可:the South-to-North Water Diversion Project。全篇再次提到时统一用 the project 承接,不得另造译法。
水利工程这是一项跨区域配置水资源的宏大水利工程 中「水利工程」是文化/专业负载词,统一译为 water conservancy project(或 water diversion project);本篇因前句已点名工程,此处可直接用 a massive cross-regional water diversion project 承接,避免与专名重复。