Longjing is a kind of green tea produced mainly in Zhejiang Province on the eastern coast of China. Its unique aroma and taste have earned Longjing the title of "China Famous Tea", and it is very popular among the public in China, with an increasing number of people drinking it abroad as well. Longjing tea is usually made by hand, and its price can be extremely high or relatively low, depending on where it grows, when it is picked, and how it is made. In addition, Longjing tea is rich in vitamin C and various other elements beneficial to health. Drinking it regularly helps relieve fatigue and delay aging.
逐句译法
1. 龙井(Longjing)是一种绿茶,主要产自中国东部沿海的浙江省。
参考译法:Longjing is a kind of green tea produced mainly in Zhejiang Province on the eastern coast of China.
主干:Longjing—is—a kind of green tea(主语策略:原句主语)中文已经给出明确主语 龙井(Longjing),直接取作英文主语 Longjing;核心动词是判断动词「是」,对应英文系动词 is;表语是「一种绿茶」对应 a kind of green tea / a variety of green tea。后半句「主要产自…浙江省」是对主语的进一步说明,不另立主干,留给降级修饰处理。所以整句英文骨架就是 Longjing is a kind of green tea。
语法点:- 时态回指全篇基调 龙井(Longjing)是一种绿茶 讲的是当下成立的客观事实,用一般现在时,系动词取 is,分词 produced 不带时态、自动跟随主句。 - 主谓一致主语 Longjing 是单数(不可数物名,作单数处理),系动词必须用 is 而非 are;produced 作分词不变形。 - 冠词Longjing 作专名零冠词,不能写成 The Longjing;green tea 作泛指类别名词零冠词,写 a kind of green tea,不要写 a kind of a green tea。 - 介词搭配「产自」用 produced in(产地);「东部沿海」对应 on the eastern coast of China,「沿海」用 on the coast(介词 on)而不是 in the coast。
降级处理:后置分词短语 produced mainly in… 作定语主要产自中国东部沿海的浙江省 是对「绿茶」的进一步说明,中文里它是第二个动词性短语「产自…」。按英文形合习惯,不能照中文写成 Longjing is a kind of green tea and is mainly produced in…(流水句),而是把它降级成过去分词短语 produced mainly in Zhejiang Province on the eastern coast of China,作后置定语修饰 green tea。「中国东部沿海」是地点的进一步修饰,用介词短语 on the eastern coast of China 后置。
参考译法:Its unique aroma and taste have earned Longjing the title of "China Famous Tea", and it is very popular among the public in China, with an increasing number of people drinking it abroad as well.
主干:Its unique aroma and taste—have earned/earn—Longjing the title(主语策略:原句主语)中文逗号串了三件事,但首段「独特的香味和口感为其赢得了『中国名茶』的称号」语义最完整,取作主干。主语用 龙井茶独特的香味和口感→Its unique aroma and taste(用 its 回指上句的 Longjing,避免重复);谓语用「赢得」→earn,双宾语结构 earn sb. sth.:宾语1 = Longjing(茶本身),宾语2 = the title of 『China Famous Tea』。后两个分句「在中国深受欢迎」「海外饮用人越来越多」信息独立,作为后续并列主干分别处理,不全塞进一句。
语法点:- 时态回指全篇基调,整句采用一般现在时——「赢得称号」是已经成立、至今仍然成立的事实,用一般现在时 earn 即可;若想强调「已经赢得并保有」的完成意味,也可用 have earned。结尾 越来越多 表持续变化趋势,用现在进行时 are drinking 或形容词 a growing number of 显出「渐多」,不要用过去时。 - 主谓一致主语 aroma and taste 是复合主语,谓语用复数 earn / have earned,不要写 earns / has earned;后半 it is popular 主语换成代词 it(指 Longjing tea,作单数),动词用 is。 - 单复数「饮用的人也越来越多」中「人」是可数复数→an increasing number of people / a growing number of people overseas,people 本身就是复数,不要再加 s 写成 peoples。 - 冠词与引号the title of 『China Famous Tea』 用 the(特指这一称号),称号本身保留双引号以呼应中文 "中国名茶"。 - 介词搭配「在中国」用 in China;「在海外」用 abroad(副词)或 overseas(可作副词),不要写成 in abroad;「赢得 X 称号」用 earn sb. the title of Y 或 win sb. the title of Y。
降级处理:三层并列:主干 + and is… + with…drinking it abroad在中国深受大众的欢迎 视角转回茶本身,用 and it is very popular… in China 作并列分句;在海外饮用的人也越来越多 是「越来越多」的趋势,改写成 with an increasing number of people drinking it abroad 作伴随状语,or while a growing number of people overseas are drinking it。这样整句结构为:主干(earn 双宾语)+ and 并列分句(popular in China)+ with 伴随状语(drinking abroad),既覆盖全部信息,又避免三个 and 一字排开的流水句。
参考译法:Longjing tea is usually made by hand, and its price can be extremely high or relatively low, depending on where it grows, when it is picked, and how it is made.
主干:Longjing tea—is—usually made by hand(主语策略:转被动)中文 龙井茶通常手工制作 是典型的无施动者句——没有说「谁」在制作,动作承受者「龙井茶」反而是话题主语。这正是英文被动语态的用武之地,所以 subjectStrategy 选「转被动」:主语 Longjing tea,谓语 is made(被动),方式状语 by hand。后半「其价格可能极其昂贵也可能比较便宜,这取决于…」换主语谈价格,独立成第二个并列分句处理。
语法点:- 语态手工制作 用被动 is made by hand,强调茶被人手制作;不要写成主动 makes by hand。 - 时态整句仍回指全篇基调用一般现在时——讲的是龙井茶通常如何制作、价格通常如何,都是普遍现状。is made / can be / depending 都不带过去时形式。 - 情态动词可能极其昂贵,也可能比较便宜 表「可能性的两端」,用 can be… or… 表客观可能性,比 may be 更贴合「客观上存在这种可能」的语义。 - 并列结构平行茶的生长地、采摘时间和制作工艺 三项必须保持英文平行结构:要么都用 wh- 从句(where it grows, when it is picked, and how it is made),要么都用名词短语(its growing region, harvest time and craftsmanship),不可前两个用从句、第三个突然用名词。 - 介词搭配「手工」用 by hand(固定搭配,hand 不加冠词);「取决于」用 depend on,不要写 depend of/from。
降级处理:and 并列分句 + depending on… 现在分词作状语其价格可能极其昂贵,也可能比较便宜 换主语谈价格,用 and 接一个并列分句:its price can be extremely high or relatively low。最后 这取决于茶的生长地、采摘时间和制作工艺 是对前句的整体说明(「这」指的是价格的高低),用现在分词短语 depending on… 作状语,避免另起 it depends on… 的口语句式。三个并列名词性短语 the place where it grows / when it is picked / how it is made 也可统一写成名词短语 its growing region, harvest time and craftsmanship,但三个 wh- 从句更清晰。
4. 龙井茶富含维生素C和其他多种有益健康的元素。
参考译法:Longjing tea is rich in vitamin C and various other elements beneficial to health.
主干:Longjing tea—is rich in—vitamin C and other elements(主语策略:原句主语)中文主语 龙井茶 明确,直接译作 Longjing tea;谓语「富含」对应固定表达 be rich in / be abundant in,所以骨架是 Longjing tea is rich in…。介词 in 的宾语是两个并列名词短语:vitamin C 和 various other elements beneficial to health。
语法点:- 时态讲客观成分,仍回指全篇基调用一般现在时,谓语用 is rich in。 - 主谓一致主语 Longjing tea 作单数,谓语用 is rich,不要写成 are rich。 - 单复数与冠词vitamin C 作不可数物质名词,零冠词;elements 为可数复数,由 various other 修饰,注意 various 已含复数义,elements 必须加 s。 - 介词搭配「富含」固定用 be rich in,介词 in 不可换 with/of;「有益健康」用 beneficial to health 或 good for health,介词分别 to / for,不要混用。
降级处理:形容词短语 beneficial to health 作后置定语有益健康的元素 中「有益健康的」修饰「元素」,按英文习惯不全堆在名词前,而把较长的形容词短语 beneficial to health 后置:other elements beneficial to health;或用定语从句 elements that are good for health。冠以 various 表「多种」,副词位置在 other 之前:various other elements。
5. 经常喝龙井茶有助于减轻疲劳、延缓衰老。
参考译法:Drinking Longjing tea regularly helps relieve fatigue and delay aging.
语法点:- 时态讲普遍功效,仍回指全篇基调用一般现在时,谓语用 helps(动名词主语作单数)。 - 主谓一致动名词短语 Drinking Longjing tea regularly 作主语时按单数处理,谓语必须用 helps,不要写 help。 - 搭配 help dohelp 后接动词原形或 to do,主体考生写 help relieve / help to relieve 都对,但相邻两次必须保持一致;本句两个并列动词都用原形(help relieve fatigue and delay aging)。 - 用词「疲劳」用不可数名词 fatigue(零冠词);「衰老」用 aging(美式)或 ageing(英式),全篇统一一种拼写。
降级处理:help (to) do 双并列动词有助于减轻疲劳、延缓衰老 用固定句型 help (to) do sth.,后面跟两个并列动词原形 relieve fatigue and delay aging(或 slow down aging)。两个动词必须保持平行:都是动词原形、都不带 to,或都带 to。