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百分百英语›四六级翻译真题库›2022年6月四级 第2套 翻译

2022年6月四级 第2套 翻译

题材:寓言故事·叙述过去事件原文 140 字来源:2022年6月四级 第2套 翻译

题目要求

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中文原文

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.从前有个人养了一群羊。一天早上他准备出去放羊,发现少了一只。他仔细一看,看到羊栏(sheepfold)上有个窟窿。显然,夜间有狼钻进羊圈叼走了羊。邻居劝他修羊栏,可是他不听。第二天,他发现狼又通过窟窿叼走一只羊。他想起邻居的话,就赶快堵上窟窿,把羊栏补好。此后,他的羊再也没有被狼叼走。故事告诉我们:出了问题及时补救,可以防止蒙受更大损失。

参考译文

Long long ago, there was a man who raised a flock of sheep. One morning, when he was about to take the sheep out to graze, he found that one of them was missing. On a closer look, he saw that there was a hole in the sheepfold. Obviously, during the night a wolf had got into the sheepfold and carried off a sheep. His neighbour advised him to mend the sheepfold, but he would not listen. The next day, he found that another sheep had been carried off by the wolf through the hole. Remembering what his neighbour had said, he quickly blocked up the hole and mended the sheepfold. From then on, his sheep were never carried off by wolves again. The story tells us that fixing problems in time can prevent us from suffering greater losses.

逐句译法

1. 从前有个人养了一群羊。

参考译法:Long long ago, there was a man who raised a flock of sheep.

主干:用 There be 引入新角色(主语策略:There be)从前有个人养了一群羊。 是寓言开篇引入主人公,「有个人」是典型的「引入新事物存在」的句式,英文最对应 There be 句型:There was a man(一般过去时呼应 globalPlan.tenseBaseline.tense)。「养了一群羊」是这个 man 的附加信息,不再另起主谓,而是用 who 引导的定语从句挂上去:who raised a flock of sheep。

语法点:- 时态回指 globalPlan.tenseBaseline.tense 用一般过去时:There was(不是 There is),定语从句里 raised 也用过去式,整句时间锚定过去。 - 单复数与量词「一群羊」要落两件事:① sheep 单复数同形,但这里指多只,谓语和代词后续都按复数处理;② 「一群」用 a flock of sheep(flock 是羊/鸟的专用量词),不要写 a group of sheeps(sheep 无 -s 形)。 - 冠词首次引入主人公用不定冠词 a man(读者尚不知是谁),后文再提这个人才用 he / the man。

降级处理:「养了一群羊」降级为定语从句中文一句里其实有两个动作:「(从前)有」和「养了一群羊」。英文只把「有」留作主干谓语(There was),把「养了一群羊」降级成 who raised a flock of sheep 作 a man 的后置定语;时间状语 Long long ago / Once 前置。这样避免照中文写成 *Long ago, a man had a group of sheep, he raised them 这种流水句。

2. 一天早上他准备出去放羊,发现少了一只。

参考译法:One morning, when he was about to take the sheep out to graze, he found that one of them was missing.

主干:「他」作主谓主语(主语策略:原句主语)一天早上他准备出去放羊,发现少了一只。 中主语「他」明确,沿用作英文主语 he;核心动词是「发现」(found),「少了一只」是发现的内容,用 that 宾语从句承接:he found that one was missing。「准备出去放羊」是发现之前的伴随/背景动作,降级处理。

语法点:- 时态回指过去时基调:found 过去式,one was missing 用过去时;从句里「准备出去」用过去进行 was about to / was going to / was preparing to,体现「正要做某事时被打断」。 - 单复数「少了一只」中的「一只」回指上句的 sheep,写成 one (sheep) was missing,sheep 复数同形,作单数用 was 即可;不要写 one sheeps。 - 搭配「放羊」译 take the sheep out to graze / drive the sheep out to pasture,graze 是「(动物)吃草」的专用动词;「少了一只」用 one was missing(be missing 表示「不见了」)比 lost one 更准确——羊没死,是不见。

降级处理:「准备出去放羊」降级为时间状语从句中文「他准备出去放羊,发现少了一只」实际是「在他准备去放羊时」发生了「发现少了一只」。把「准备出去放羊」改造成 When he was about to take the sheep out to graze 时间状语从句前置,主句留给真正的核心动作 he found that one was missing。避免照中文译成 He prepared to graze the sheep and found one missing 这种因果不明的并列。

3. 他仔细一看,看到羊栏 (sheepfold) 上有个窟窿。

参考译法:On a closer look, he saw that there was a hole in the sheepfold.

主干:「他」继续作主语,核心动词为「看到」(主语策略:原句主语)他仔细一看,看到羊栏 (sheepfold) 上有个窟窿。 中两个动作「仔细一看」和「看到」其实是一个事件的两个层次——「仔细地看」是方式状语,「看到」才是结果。主语沿用 he,主干谓语用 saw / noticed;「羊栏上有个窟窿」是看到的内容,用 that 宾语从句 there was a hole in the sheepfold。

语法点:- 时态回指过去时基调:saw 过去式,宾语从句中按时态一致也用 was,不用 is。 - 冠词「一个窟窿」首次出现用不定冠词 a hole(按 glossary,后文回指改用 the hole);「羊栏」是上文已暗指的那一个特定羊栏,用定冠词 the sheepfold。 - 介词搭配「羊栏上有个窟窿」的「上」实指「在栏壁里/里」,介词用 in the sheepfold(hole in the wall 是固定搭配),不要写成 on the sheepfold(on 会变成「在羊栏顶上」)。

降级处理:「仔细一看」→ 副词;「上有个窟窿」→ that + there be「仔细一看」降级为状语 On a closer look 或副词 carefully 修饰 saw;「羊栏上有个窟窿」按 glossary 用 sheepfold,套 there be 结构作 saw 的宾语从句:that there was a hole in the sheepfold。整体一个主句 + 一个宾语从句,干净不流水。

4. 显然,夜间有狼钻进羊圈叼走了羊。

参考译法:Obviously, during the night a wolf had got into the sheepfold and carried off a sheep.

主干:「狼」作主语;「钻进 + 叼走」并列谓语(主语策略:原句主语)显然,夜间有狼钻进羊圈叼走了羊。 主语是「狼」,做了两件事:钻进羊圈 + 叼走了一只羊。英文主语 a wolf,谓语用 had got into … and carried off …。「显然」作评论副词 Obviously 提前;「夜间」作时间状语 at night / during the night。

语法点:- 时态动作发生在「他发现」之前,用过去完成时 had got into / had carried off,与全篇过去时基调一致但体现「过去的过去」;这是叙事英语里少数有必要偏离基调的位置之一。 - 单复数「有狼」译为 a wolf(一只狼);「叼走了羊」回指上文丢的那一只羊,写成 had carried off a sheep / one of the sheep,sheep 单数同形不要加 s。 - 搭配「钻进」用 get into / sneak into(sneak 多一层「偷偷地」语义,更贴狼的动作);「叼走」按 glossary 统一用 carry off / take away,不要随便换 bite away、bring away。

降级处理:「显然」→ 评注副词;时间状语 + 主干并列谓语「显然」用评注副词 Obviously / Apparently 句首独立;「夜间」前置或后置作时间状语;主干 a wolf had got into the sheepfold and carried off the sheep。这里用过去完成时 had got into / had carried off 表「在他发现之前已经发生」,凸显时间先后。

5. 邻居劝他修羊栏,可是他不听。

参考译法:His neighbour advised him to mend the sheepfold, but he would not listen.

主干:前后分句各有主语,连词 but 衔接(主语策略:原句主语)邻居劝他修羊栏,可是他不听。 是两个并列分句:① 邻居(主语)劝他修羊栏 → His neighbour advised him to mend the sheepfold;② 他(主语)不听 → but he refused / would not listen。「可是」直接对译为 but / however。

语法点:- 时态回指过去时基调:advised 过去式;「不听」用 refused to listen 或 would not listen,都是过去时形态。 - 搭配「修羊栏」按 glossary 用 mend the sheepfold(mend 专指「修补破损」,比 repair / fix 更贴「补窟窿」语义)。 - 冠词「邻居」是特指养羊人隔壁的那位,用 His neighbour(his 限定);「羊栏」承前唯一指代用 the sheepfold。

降级处理:「劝他修」用 advise sb. to do;「不听」用 refused to do / would not do「劝他修羊栏」套固定句型 advise sb. to do sth.:advised him to mend the sheepfold;「不听」翻成 refused to listen / would not listen,would 在此表过去固执的拒绝,比 didn't listen 更传神。

6. 第二天,他发现狼又通过窟窿叼走一只羊。

参考译法:The next day, he found that another sheep had been carried off by the wolf through the hole.

主干:「他」作主语,「发现」为核心动词(主语策略:原句主语)第二天,他发现狼又通过窟窿叼走一只羊。 主语「他」沿用 he,核心动词「发现」found;「狼又通过窟窿叼走一只羊」整段作 found 的宾语从句:that another sheep had been carried off by the wolf through the hole(被动凸显羊的去向;也可保留主动 that the wolf had carried off another sheep through the hole)。

语法点:- 时态主句「发现」用一般过去时 found;宾语从句中「叼走」发生在「发现」之前,用过去完成时 had carried off,与第 4 句保持同一逻辑(先发生用 had done)。 - 复现表达「又叼走一只」要把「再一次」译出来:用 another sheep(另一只)+ again,或只用 another(已含「再」义)。不要漏译「又」,否则读者看不出这是第二次丢羊。 - 冠词「窟窿」按 glossary 已在上文引入,回指用定冠词 the hole;「狼」此处可用 the wolf(同一只 / 同一类作案者),与首次出现的 a wolf 形成首次—回指对照。

降级处理:「第二天」→ 时间状语;从句内含两个状语「第二天」前置作时间状语 The next day;从句主干「狼叼走一只羊」译 the wolf had carried off another sheep,「又」用 again 或 another 体现,「通过窟窿」作方式状语 through the hole。整句一个主句 + 一个宾语从句,结构整齐。

7. 他想起邻居的话,就赶快堵上窟窿,把羊栏补好。

参考译法:Remembering what his neighbour had said, he quickly blocked up the hole and mended the sheepfold.

主干:「他」作主语,三个动词并列处理(主语策略:原句主语)他想起邻居的话,就赶快堵上窟窿,把羊栏补好。 主语「他」沿用 he;三个动作「想起」「堵上」「补好」按时间先后处理:「想起」可前置为 -ing 分词或 when 时间从句;「堵上窟窿」「补好羊栏」是同一动作的两个侧面,用 and 并列作主干谓语。

语法点:- 时态回指过去时基调:blocked / mended 用过去式;分词所代表的「想起」与主句动作同时/略早,用 Remembering 现在分词即可(若用从句,then had recalled 也可表更早)。 - 搭配「堵上窟窿」用 block up the hole / plug the hole(block up 是固定动词短语,表示「彻底堵住」);「补好羊栏」按 glossary 用 mend the sheepfold,与第 5 句邻居劝告里的 mend 保持同一个词。 - 宾语回指「窟窿」「羊栏」均承前指代,加定冠词 the the hole / the sheepfold,与首次出现时的 a hole / a sheepfold 形成清晰的「引入—回指」链条。

降级处理:「想起邻居的话」→ Remembering / When he recalled…;主干「堵 + 补」「想起邻居的话」改造为分词 Remembering what his neighbour had said 或时间从句 When he recalled his neighbour's words,作主句的时间 / 原因背景;主句 he quickly blocked up the hole and mended the sheepfold。「赶快」用副词 quickly 修饰主谓。

8. 此后,他的羊再也没有被狼叼走。

参考译法:From then on, his sheep were never carried off by wolves again.

主干:「羊」作主语,使用被动(主语策略:转被动)此后,他的羊再也没有被狼叼走。 中文已经出现「被」字,明示动作的承受者是羊。英文顺势把 sheep 提作主语用被动:His sheep were never carried off by wolves again。「此后」译 From then on 句首作时间状语,「再也没…」用 never … again 表达。

语法点:- 时态与语态回指过去时基调用一般过去时被动 were carried off(被动=be + 过去分词;时态体现在 be 上:were)。 - 主谓一致主语 his sheep 此处指多只羊(一群里剩下的),谓语用 were 而不是 was;sheep 复数同形,靠谓语 were 判断它是复数。 - 否定与频率「再也没…」用 never … again(never 已含「从未」,再加 again 强调「再没有」),不要写成 not … never again 这种双重否定;by wolves 表示「(任何)狼」用复数泛指更稳。

降级处理:时间状语 + 被动主干「此后」前置 From then on / After that;主干 his sheep were never carried off by wolves again。整句保持一个主谓结构,是篇章收尾用得最稳的形式。

9. 故事告诉我们:出了问题及时补救,可以防止蒙受更大损失。

参考译法:The story tells us that fixing problems in time can prevent us from suffering greater losses.

主干:「故事」作主语,「告诉我们」+ 宾语从句(主语策略:原句主语)故事告诉我们:出了问题及时补救,可以防止蒙受更大损失。 是寓言结尾的普遍道理。主语「(这个)故事」the story,谓语 tells us,冒号后的内容作 that 引导的宾语从句:that timely remedy when problems arise can prevent greater losses。

语法点:- 时态此句跳出故事讲普遍道理,偏离过去时基调,改用一般现在时 tells / can prevent——这是 globalPlan.tenseBaseline.tense 允许的偏离场景。 - 搭配「防止某事发生」用 prevent sth. / prevent sb. from doing;「蒙受损失」用 suffer (from) losses 或 incur losses;「更大损失」greater losses(loss 表「损失」时常用可数复数)。 - 动名词作主语主语 Fixing problems in time / Taking timely measures 这类动名词短语作主语,谓语动词按单数处理(can prevent 用情态动词不变形),符合英语「-ing 短语作主语视作单数」的规则。

降级处理:「出了问题及时补救」改造为动名词短语作主语;「可以防止…」作谓语从句内部用动名词短语作主语更地道:fixing problems in time / taking timely measures when problems arise / promptly remedying problems;谓语 can prevent us from suffering greater losses。把中文「(人)做某事,可以防止…」改成「做某事 + can prevent + 损失」的句型,主语统一为「做某事」这件事,逻辑紧凑。

词汇与译名提示

整体思路

寓言故事·叙述过去事件本段是一则典型的中文寓言故事,开篇 从前有个人养了一群羊。 用「从前」直接交代这是一段已经发生、流传下来的旧事,全文记叙「这个人发现羊丢→不听劝→再丢羊→才补栏→此后再没丢」的完整时间线,最后以 故事告诉我们:出了问题及时补救,可以防止蒙受更大损失。 收束出教训。语体属叙事 + 末句议论点题,并非客观介绍现状。

时态与人称

一般过去时由语体反推:寓言开篇 从前有个人养了一群羊。 中「从前」「养了」明确把整件事压在过去时间轴上,后面所有「发现」「劝」「不听」「叼走」「想起」「堵上」「补好」都属过去发生的连续动作,故全篇主时态默认一般过去时。仅末句 故事告诉我们:出了问题及时补救,可以防止蒙受更大损失。 属于跳出故事讲普遍道理,可偏离用一般现在时。

衔接处理

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