46. What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?
- A. Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.
- B. Imitating the lifestyles of heroes and role models.
- C. Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost.
- D. Attempting to meet society's expectation of appearance.
答案：D
答案句：Trying to live up to the images of “perfect” models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety and depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain.
参考译文：努力达到“完美”模特和电影英雄的形象有一个阴暗面：焦虑和抑郁，以及不健康的减肥或增肌策略。
定位线索：题干“adverse impact”→答案句“has a dark side: anxiety and depression”；文中“Trying to live up to the images of 'perfect' models and movie heroes”对应选项D“Attempting to meet society's expectation of appearance”（努力达到社会对外貌的期望）。
解析：题干问作者说可能对人们产生不利影响的是什么。答案句明确指出“努力达到完美模特和电影英雄的形象”有阴暗面，即焦虑和抑郁等，这与选项D“试图满足社会对外貌的期望”同义（模特和英雄形象代表社会期望）。选项A“为追求美丽做整形手术”是原文第一段提到的花钱方式之一，但未提及不利影响；选项B“模仿英雄和榜样的生活方式”偷换概念，原文是“形象”而非“生活方式”；选项C“不顾经济成本追求完美”范围扩大，原文未强调经济成本。故D正确。
47. What have researchers found out about people's earnings?
- A. They are closely related to people's social status.
- B. They have to do with people's body weight and shape.
- C. They seem to matter much less to men than to women.
- D. They may not be equal to people's contributions.
答案：B
答案句：Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one.
参考译文：研究人员已经表明，体重指数与工资和收入有关。尤其是对女性来说，超重或肥胖在工作中会带来明显的惩罚。一些研究也发现了对男性的影响，尽管不太明显。
定位线索：题干“researchers found out about people's earnings”→答案句“body mass index is related to wages and income”；文中“body mass index”对应选项B“body weight and shape”（体重和体型）。
解析：题干问研究人员对人们收入有何发现。答案句明确指出“体重指数与工资和收入有关”，即收入与体重体型相关，对应选项B。选项A“与社会地位密切相关”无中生有；选项C“对男性的影响远小于女性”程度过重，原文说“不太明显”而非“远小于”；选项D“可能不等于贡献”答非所问。故B正确。
49. What is the finding of the author's recent research?
- A. Being overweight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees.
- B. People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weight.
- C. Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequality in the workplace.
- D. Gender inequality continues to frustrate a lot of female employees.
答案：B
答案句：We found no relationship between the average person's self- perception of weight and labor market outcomes, although self-perceived weight can influence self-esteem（自尊心）, mental health and health behaviors.
参考译文：我们发现，普通人对体重的自我感知与劳动力市场结果之间没有关系，尽管自我感知的体重会影响自尊心、心理健康和健康行为。
定位线索：题干“finding of the author's recent research”→答案句“no relationship between the average person's self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes”；文中“no relationship”对应选项B“not adversely affected”（不受不利影响）。
解析：题干问作者最近研究的发现。答案句明确指出“自我感知体重与劳动力市场结果没有关系”，即错误的自我感知不会对工作产生不利影响，对应选项B。选项A“超重实际上对员工整体幸福感无害”偷换概念，原文说的是“自我感知”而非“超重本身”；选项C“自尊心有助于对抗工作场所性别不平等”无中生有；选项D“性别不平等继续让许多女性员工沮丧”是原文提到的事实，但不是该研究的主要发现。故B正确。