46. What does the passage tell us about physical disgust?
- A. It is an emotion as contrasted with thoughts.
- B. It is a concept beyond children's understanding.
- C. It is a mechanism to keep us from being harmed.
- D. It is an experience gained from any form of danger.
答案：C
答案句：One type of disgust is called physical disgust, which protects us from eating or touching things that could be dangerous for us, such as raw meat or insects.
参考译文：一种厌恶被称为生理厌恶，它保护我们不吃或触摸可能对我们危险的东西，比如生肉或昆虫。
定位线索：题干“physical disgust”→答案句“physical disgust”；文中“protects us from eating or touching things that could be dangerous”对应选项C“a mechanism to keep us from being harmed”。
解析：题干问生理厌恶的相关信息，答案句直接说明它“protects us from eating or touching things that could be dangerous”，即保护我们免受伤害，与选项C“a mechanism to keep us from being harmed”同义。选项A“与思想相对的情感”无中生有；选项B“超出儿童理解”与原文“children experience physical disgust from a very early age”矛盾；选项D“从任何形式的危险中获得”范围扩大，原文仅指吃或触摸危险物。
47. How do some researchers perceive moral disgust?
- A. It tends to appear in various forms of wrongdoing.
- B. It is just as annoying to people as physical disgust.
- C. It is a term used by common folk to describe anger.
- D. It stops people from doing anything morally wrong.
答案：D
答案句：Some researchers maintain that there is another type of disgust, called moral disgust, that protects us from engaging in activities that can be perceived as morally wrong.
参考译文：一些研究者认为还有另一种厌恶，称为道德厌恶，它保护我们不参与可能被视为道德错误的活动。
定位线索：题干“some researchers perceive moral disgust”→答案句“Some researchers maintain that there is another type of disgust, called moral disgust”；文中“protects us from engaging in activities that can be perceived as morally wrong”对应选项D“It stops people from doing anything morally wrong”。
解析：题干问一些研究者如何看待道德厌恶，答案句明确说它“protects us from engaging in activities that can be perceived as morally wrong”，即阻止人们做道德错误的事，对应选项D。选项A“以各种错误形式出现”无中生有；选项B“与生理厌恶一样烦人”无中生有；选项C“普通人用来描述愤怒的术语”是另一些学者的观点，答非所问。
48. Why does moral disgust appear quite late in children's development?
- A. It needs to be learnt through social interactions.
- B. They have little control over its learning process.
- C. It is too complex for them to acquire.
- D. Their parents seldom talk about emotions.
答案：A
答案句：If moral disgust appears quite late in development, it makes sense to think that there is actually a social component to it. Children learn about emotions in many different ways. Of special relevance are parents-children conversations about emotions.
参考译文：如果道德厌恶在发展中出现得很晚，那么认为它实际上有社会成分是有道理的。儿童以多种不同方式学习情绪。特别相关的是父母与孩子关于情绪的对话。
定位线索：题干“Why does moral disgust appear quite late”→答案句“If moral disgust appears quite late in development, it makes sense to think that there is actually a social component to it”；文中“social component”对应选项A“needs to be learnt through social interactions”。
解析：题干问道德厌恶出现晚的原因，答案句指出“it makes sense to think that there is actually a social component to it”，即它有社会成分，需要通过社会互动学习，对应选项A。选项B“对学习过程控制很少”无中生有；选项C“太复杂”无中生有；选项D“父母很少谈论情绪”与原文“children whose parents talk about emotions often have a better emotional understanding”相反。
49. What did the author and his colleagues want to examine in their experiment?
- A. What parents tell children against moral wrongdoing.
- B. What parents and children link moral wrongdoing to.
- C. How moral disgust is seen by children aged 4,6 and 8.
- D. How disgust is discussed between parents and children.
答案：D
答案句：However, there are no studies that have examined how parents and children talk about disgust. This is what we set up to examine in our study.
参考译文：然而，没有研究考察过父母和孩子如何谈论厌恶。这就是我们在研究中要考察的。
定位线索：题干“what the author and his colleagues want to examine”→答案句“This is what we set up to examine in our study”；文中“how parents and children talk about disgust”对应选项D“How disgust is discussed between parents and children”。
解析：题干问作者和同事想考察什么，答案句明确说“This is what we set up to examine in our study”，其中“this”指代前句“how parents and children talk about disgust”，即父母和孩子如何讨论厌恶，对应选项D。选项A“父母告诉孩子反对道德错误”范围缩小；选项B“父母和孩子将道德错误与什么联系”是研究发现而非考察目的；选项C“4、6、8岁孩子如何看待道德厌恶”是实验对象而非考察内容。
50. What can we infer about moral disgust from the author and his colleagues' findings?
- A. It is a notion hardly comprehensible to children.
- B. It rarely exists in children younger than eight.
- C. It is a term most parents use when talking to children.
- D. It exists in adults with a strong sense of justice.
答案：A
答案句：Our findings suggest that moral disgust is either understood at a later age or is only used metaphorically, if at all, in children as old as eight years.
参考译文：我们的发现表明，道德厌恶要么在更晚的年龄才被理解，要么在八岁大的孩子中，如果存在的话，也只是被隐喻性地使用。
定位线索：题干“infer about moral disgust from findings”→答案句“Our findings suggest that moral disgust is either understood at a later age or is only used metaphorically”；文中“understood at a later age”对应选项A“a notion hardly comprehensible to children”。
解析：题干要求从发现中推断道德厌恶，答案句说它“either understood at a later age or is only used metaphorically”，即儿童难以理解，对应选项A。选项B“在八岁以下孩子中很少存在”过于绝对，原文说“if at all”表示不确定；选项C“大多数父母对孩子使用”无中生有；选项D“存在于有强烈正义感的成人中”无中生有，原文仅说“moral disgust exists in adults”，未提正义感。