52. What does the passage say about the assumption that social relationships are reciprocal?
- A. It is more the exception than the rule.
- B. It does not hold true in every situation.
- C. It does not apply to complex relationships.
- D. It is more accurate in one-sided social ties.
答案：B
答案句：Past research has found that we tend to assume social relationships are reciprocal(相互的).Most of the time, this assumption is accurate: someone you think of as a friend will usually consider you a friend too. But sometimes our social ties are more one-sided: for example, you might learn something about a stranger who doesn't know you at all.
参考译文：过去的研究发现，我们倾向于认为社会关系是相互的。大多数时候，这种假设是准确的：你认为的朋友通常也会把你当作朋友。但有时我们的社会关系更为单向：例如，你可能了解到一个完全不认识你的陌生人的一些信息。
定位线索：题干“assumption that social relationships are reciprocal”→答案句取自第2段“Past research has found that we tend to assume social relationships are reciprocal”；文中“Most of the time...accurate”与“But sometimes...one-sided”对应选项B“does not hold true in every situation”；文中“sometimes”对应选项B“not in every situation”。
解析：题干问关于社会关系互惠假设的论述，答案句先承认大多数时候准确，但用“But sometimes”转折指出有时关系是单向的，说明该假设并非在所有情况下都成立。选项B正确。选项A“例外多于规则”与原文“Most of the time...accurate”矛盾；选项C“不适用于复杂关系”无中生有，原文未提复杂关系；选项D“在单向关系中更准确”与原文相反，原文说单向关系是例外。
53. What did Anuj Shah and Michael LaForest want to find out about the belief that social relationships are reciprocal?
- A. Whether it may resolve misunderstandings about social ties.
- B. Whether it could help develop one's relationships with strangers.
- C. Whether it could help strengthen interpersonal relationships.
- D. Whether it may lead to false assumptions about a stranger.
答案：D
答案句：Researchers Anuj Shah and Michael LaForest wondered whether our tendency to believe that social ties are reciprocal could lead us to mistakenly feel that a stranger does actually know us.
参考译文：研究人员阿努伊·沙阿和迈克尔·拉福雷斯特想知道，我们倾向于相信社会关系是相互的，这是否会导致我们错误地觉得一个陌生人确实认识我们。
定位线索：题干“Anuj Shah and Michael LaForest want to find out”→答案句取自第2段“Researchers Anuj Shah and Michael LaForest wondered whether”；文中“mistakenly feel that a stranger does actually know us”对应选项D“false assumptions about a stranger”；文中“wondered whether”对应题干“want to find out”。
解析：题干问两位研究者想探究什么，答案句明确指出他们想知道互惠倾向是否会导致错误地认为陌生人认识我们。选项D“是否可能导致对陌生人的错误假设”是对该句的概括。选项A“解决误解”、选项B“帮助发展关系”、选项C“加强人际关系”均无中生有，原文只关注错误假设本身，未涉及解决或帮助。
55. What happened in the areas around the housing developments subjected to the studies?
- A. They saw fewer crimes than the control developments.
- B. They witnessed a swifter elimination of illegal activities.
- C. Local police responded more quickly to criminal complaints than before.
- D. Local police related better to residents there than to those in other areas.
答案：A
答案句：Even more strikingly, the team found that immediately after the leaflet distribution, there were fewer criminal complaints and arrests in the areas around the developments that had received the leaflets than around the control developments.
参考译文：更引人注目的是，研究团队发现，在传单分发后不久，收到传单的住宅区周边地区的犯罪投诉和逮捕人数少于对照住宅区周边地区。
定位线索：题干“areas around the housing developments subjected to the studies”→答案句取自第5段“the areas around the developments that had received the leaflets”；文中“fewer criminal complaints and arrests”对应选项A“saw fewer crimes”；文中“than around the control developments”对应选项A“than the control developments”。
解析：题干问受研究住宅区周边发生了什么，答案句明确指出这些地区犯罪投诉和逮捕人数少于对照地区，即犯罪更少。选项A正确。选项B“更迅速消除”程度过重，原文只说更少，未提速度；选项C“警察响应更快”无中生有；选项D“警察与居民关系更好”无中生有，原文未涉及关系质量。