51. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?
- A. There are many more men applying than women.
- B. Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.
- C. More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.
- D. Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.
答案：C
答案句：Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. … They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts.
参考译文：地球科学博士后职位的女性申请者获得优秀推荐信的可能性几乎是男性申请者的一半。… 他们发现，与男性申请者相比，女性申请者获得杰出推荐信的可能性只有一半。
定位线索：题干“applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences”→答案句“Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences”；文中“female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters”对应选项C“More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation”。
解析：题干问关于地球科学博士后申请者的情况，答案句直接指出女性申请者获得优秀推荐信的可能性只有男性的一半，即男性比女性更可能获得优秀推荐信，对应C。A项申请人数未提及，B项获得职位机会未提及，D项兴趣未提及，均无中生有。
55. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?
- A. Raise recommendation writers' awareness of gender bias in their letters.
- B. Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.
- C. Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.
- D. Start a public discussion on how to raise women's status in academic circles.
答案：A
答案句：. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level.” Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.
参考译文：“相反，重点是使用这项研究的结果来开启关于隐性性别偏见的有意义的对话，无论是在部门层面、机构层面还是学科层面。”这可能会给推荐信撰写者本人带来一些建议。
定位线索：题干“Dutt aim to do with her study”→答案句“open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias”和“lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves”；文中“recommendations for the letter writers”对应选项A“Raise recommendation writers' awareness of gender bias”。
解析：题干问达特研究的目的，答案句指出目的是开启关于隐性性别偏见的对话，并可能给推荐信撰写者带来建议，即提高撰写者对性别偏见的意识，对应A。B项为女性博士后开辟新途径未提及，C项提醒女性研究者未提及，D项公开讨论女性地位未提及，均无中生有。