46. What do we learn about chemist John Pemberton?
- A. He used a strangely potent ingredient in a food supplement.
- B. He created a drink containing alcohol without breaking law.
- C. He became notorious because of the coca drink he developed.
- D. He risked breaking local law to make a drink with coca leaves.
答案：B
答案句：The “Coca” in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drink's originator, chemist John Pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup (浆汁). At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was a common tonic (滋补品), and Pemberton's sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol.
参考译文：名字中的“Coca”指的是这种饮料的创始人、化学家约翰·彭伯顿混合到他的甜糖浆中的古柯叶提取物。当时，古柯叶提取物与葡萄酒混合是一种常见的滋补品，而彭伯顿的甜饮料是规避当地禁止销售酒精的法律的一种方式。
定位线索：题干“chemist John Pemberton”→答案句取自第1段“the drink's originator, chemist John Pemberton”；文中“get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol”对应选项B“without breaking law”（规避法律即不违法）。
解析：题干问关于化学家约翰·彭伯顿我们了解到什么。答案句明确指出彭伯顿的甜饮料是“a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol”，即规避禁止售酒的法律，因此没有违法，对应B选项。A项“在食品补充剂中使用奇怪强效成分”无中生有，文中未提及食品补充剂；C项“因开发古柯饮料而臭名昭著”与原文不符，原文未说他臭名昭著；D项“冒险违反当地法律”与原文“get around”矛盾，他是规避而非违反。
47. What does the passage say about kola nuts?
- A. Their commercial value was first discovered by Portuguese settlers.
- B. They contain some kind of energy boost not found in any other food.
- C. Many were shipped to Europe in the late 19th century for medicinal use.
- D. They were strange to the Europeans when first imported from West Africa.
答案：C
答案句：By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US. Many made their way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost.
参考译文：到19世纪末，可乐果被成吨地运往欧洲和美国。许多可乐果被用于药物中，旨在作为一种能量补充。
定位线索：题干“kola nuts”→答案句取自第5段“kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US”；文中“shipped by the tonne to Europe”对应选项C“Many were shipped to Europe in the late 19th century”；文中“for medicinal use”对应“made their way into medicines”。
解析：题干问关于可乐果文章说了什么。答案句直接说明19世纪末可乐果被成吨运往欧洲和美国，且许多用于药物，对应C选项。A项“商业价值首次被葡萄牙定居者发现”无中生有，文中只说葡萄牙人参与贸易；B项“含有其他食物中没有的能量补充”范围扩大，原文只说含咖啡因和心脏兴奋剂；D项“首次从西非进口时对欧洲人来说很奇怪”与原文不符，原文说1620年时对英国人理查德·乔布森来说奇怪，但未说首次进口时。
48. How come kola-extract colas became popular?
- A. Cocaine had become notorious.
- B. Alcoholic drinks were prohibited.
- C. Fountains were set up to sell them.
- D. Rights were sold to bottle the soda.
答案：A
答案句：When cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient, kola-extract colas became popular.
参考译文：当可卡因最终作为饮料成分失宠时，可乐果提取物的可乐变得流行起来。
定位线索：题干“kola-extract colas became popular”→答案句取自第5段“kola-extract colas became popular”；文中“cocaine eventually fell from grace”对应选项A“Cocaine had become notorious”（失宠即名声变坏）。
解析：题干问可乐果提取物的可乐为何变得流行。答案句明确说“当可卡因最终作为饮料成分失宠时，可乐果提取物的可乐变得流行”，即因为可卡因名声变坏，对应A选项。B项“酒精饮料被禁止”是彭伯顿时代背景，不是可乐流行的原因；C项“设立喷泉出售”和D项“出售装瓶权”是可乐普及后的发展，不是流行的原因。
49. What is known about the taste of Coca-Cola?
- A. It was so designed as to create addiction in consumers.
- B. It still relies on traditional kola nut extract.
- C. It has become more popular among the old.
- D. It has remained virtually unchanged since its creation.
答案：D
答案句：It's become so iconic that attempts to change its taste in 1985-sweetening it in a move projected to boost sales-proved disastrous, with widespread anger from consumers. “Coca-Cola Classic” returned to store shelves just three months after the “New Coke” was released.
参考译文：它变得如此具有标志性，以至于1985年改变其口味的尝试——通过增甜来预计提升销量的举措——被证明是灾难性的，引发了消费者的广泛愤怒。“可口可乐经典”在“新可乐”发布仅三个月后就回到了商店货架上。
定位线索：题干“the taste of Coca-Cola”→答案句取自第6段“attempts to change its taste in 1985”；文中“attempts to change its taste...proved disastrous”和“returned to store shelves”对应选项D“It has remained virtually unchanged since its creation”（改变失败且恢复原味）。
解析：题干问关于可口可乐的口味我们了解到什么。答案句说明1985年改变口味的尝试失败，且“经典”可乐在三个月内回归，说明口味基本未变，对应D选项。A项“设计成让人上瘾”无中生有，文中未提；B项“仍依赖传统可乐果提取物”与最后一段“不再含可乐果提取物”矛盾；C项“在老年人中更受欢迎”无中生有。