48. What do we learn from the passage about food consumption in India?
- A. People's diet will not change due to the EAT-Lancet report.
- B. Many people simply do not have access to foods they prefer.
- C. There is a growing popularity of a cereal-heavy vegetarian diet.
- D. Policymakers help remove the barriers to people's choice of food.
答案：B
答案句：In India, however, there is a vast difference between what people would wish to consume and what they have to consume because of innumerable barriers around class, religion, culture, cost, geography, etc.
参考译文：然而，在印度，由于阶级、宗教、文化、成本、地理等方面的无数障碍，人们希望消费的东西和不得不消费的东西之间存在巨大差异。
定位线索：题干“What do we learn from the passage about food consumption in India”→答案句取自第4段“there is a vast difference between what people would wish to consume and what they have to consume”；文中“have to consume”对应选项B“do not have access to foods they prefer”。
解析：题干问关于印度食物消费我们能了解到什么。答案句指出，由于各种障碍，人们希望消费的和不得不消费的存在巨大差异，即许多人无法获得他们偏好的食物，对应选项B。选项A“饮食不会因报告改变”在原文未提及；选项C“谷物为主的素食日益流行”与原文“policymakers pushed”不符，且未体现“growing popularity”；选项D“政策制定者帮助消除障碍”与原文“policymakers pushed for”相反，属于偷换概念。
49. What does the passage say about a plant-based diet modeled on India?
- A. It may benefit populations whose traditional diet is meat-based.
- B. It may be another blow to the economy in developing countries.
- C. It may help narrow the gap between the rich and poor countries.
- D. It may worsen the nourishment problem in low-income countries.
答案：D
答案句：Which is why calls for a plant-based diet modeled on India risk offering another whip with which to beat already vulnerable communities in developing countries. A diet directed at the affluent West fails to recognize that in low-income countries undernourished children are known to benefit from the consumption of milk and other animal source foods, improving cognitive functions, while reducing the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies as well as mortality.
参考译文：这就是为什么以印度为模式的植物性饮食的呼吁可能会提供另一条鞭子，用来打击发展中国家本已脆弱的社区。针对富裕西方的饮食未能认识到，在低收入国家，营养不良的儿童已知受益于牛奶和其他动物源性食品的消费，改善认知功能，同时降低营养缺乏症的患病率和死亡率。
定位线索：题干“What does the passage say about a plant-based diet modeled on India”→答案句取自第8-9段“calls for a plant-based diet modeled on India risk offering another whip...”和“fails to recognize that in low-income countries undernourished children are known to benefit from the consumption of milk and other animal source foods”；文中“undernourished children”对应选项D“worsen the nourishment problem”。
解析：题干问以印度为模式的植物性饮食会怎样。答案句指出，这种呼吁会打击脆弱社区，且未能认识到低收入国家营养不良儿童需要动物性食品，因此会恶化营养问题，对应选项D“可能恶化低收入国家的营养问题”。选项A“可能有益于以肉类为主的人群”与原文相反；选项B“对经济是打击”在原文未提及；选项C“缩小贫富差距”无中生有。