47. What does the author say in arguing for the model of education in the U.S.?
- A. It has contributed substantially to the nation's overall development.
- B. It has succeeded in maintaining sustainable financial aid programs.
- C. It has given priority to innovative programs for graduate studies.
- D. It has played a central role in attracting international applicants.
答案：A
答案句：This model of education has long played a central role in creating opportunity, driving economic growth, and spurring innovation.
参考译文：这种教育模式长期以来在创造机会、推动经济增长和激发创新方面发挥了核心作用。
定位线索：题干“arguing for the model of education”→答案句“This model of education has long played a central role”；文中“creating opportunity, driving economic growth, and spurring innovation”对应选项A“contributed substantially to the nation's overall development”。
解析：题干问作者为美国教育模式辩护的理由。答案句明确指出该模式在创造机会、推动经济增长和激发创新方面发挥核心作用，对应选项A“对国家整体发展做出重大贡献”。选项B、C、D在原文中无依据，属于无中生有。
48. What do we learn about the initial proposals concerning the recent tax reform bill?
- A. They would have stripped many students of life's chances.
- B. They would have deducted graduate student loan interest.
- C. They would have added to many students' financial burden.
- D. They would have increased the number of tuition waivers.
答案：C
答案句：The initial proposals would have made education unaffordable for many by taxing tuition waivers for graduate students and ending deductions for student loan interest.
参考译文：最初的提案通过对研究生学费减免征税和取消学生贷款利息扣除，将使许多人负担不起教育费用。
定位线索：题干“initial proposals concerning the recent tax reform bill”→答案句“The initial proposals would have made education unaffordable for many”；文中“made education unaffordable”对应选项C“added to many students' financial burden”。
解析：题干问关于最近税改法案的初步提案。答案句指出这些提案会使教育对许多人来说负担不起，即增加经济负担，对应选项C。选项A“剥夺许多学生的生活机会”程度过重，选项B与原文“ending deductions”相反，选项D“增加学费减免数量”与原文“taxing tuition waivers”相反。
49. What do the data show about elite colleges and universities?
- A. Their graduates lack the rigor required for doing statistical analysis.
- B. Their students prove to be inadequately prepared for their future careers.
- C. Their focus on research is conducive to developing students' critical thinking.
- D. Their liberal arts education enables graduates to excel in whatever field they are in.
答案：D
答案句：The data are clear: a liberal arts education is great career preparation, both for excellent lifetime earnings and for satisfaction with the work. … In fact, liberal arts graduates do extremely well in every imaginable field.
参考译文：数据很明确：文科教育是很好的职业准备，既能带来丰厚的终身收入，也能带来工作满意度。……事实上，文科毕业生在每个能想到的领域都表现出色。
定位线索：题干“What do the data show about elite colleges and universities”→答案句“The data are clear: a liberal arts education is great career preparation”；文中“liberal arts graduates do extremely well in every imaginable field”对应选项D“liberal arts education enables graduates to excel in whatever field they are in”。
解析：题干问数据显示精英院校的情况。答案句明确指出文科毕业生在每个领域都表现出色，对应选项D“文科教育使毕业生在任何领域都能出色”。选项A、B与原文相反，选项C“研究重点”在原文中未提及，属于无中生有。