54. What is Yudell's suggestion to scientists?
- A. They be more precise with the language they use.
- B. They refrain from using politically sensitive terms.
- C. They throw out irrelevant concepts in their research.
- D. They examine all possible variables in their research.
答案：A
答案句：Yudell said scientists need to get more specific with their language, perhaps using terms like “ancestry” or “population” that might more precisely reflect the relationship between humans and their genes, on both the individual and population level.
参考译文：尤德尔说，科学家需要让他们的语言更加具体，也许使用“血统”或“种群”等术语，这些术语可能更精确地反映人类与基因之间的关系，无论是在个体层面还是群体层面。
定位线索：题干“Yudell's suggestion to scientists”→答案句“Yudell said scientists need to get more specific with their language”；文中“get more specific with their language”对应选项A“Be more precise with the language they use”（更精确地使用语言）。
解析：题干问尤德尔对科学家的建议。答案句明确说“科学家需要让他们的语言更加具体”（get more specific with their language），选项A“更精确地使用语言”正是同义转述。选项B“避免使用政治敏感术语”无中生有，原文建议使用“血统”或“种群”等术语，未提及政治敏感；选项C“抛弃研究中的无关概念”范围过大，原文只建议抛弃“种族”概念；选项D“检查所有可能的变量”答非所问，原文未提及。
55. What can be inferred from Yudell's remark in the last paragraph?
- A. Clinging to racism prolongs inequity and discrimination.
- B. Physiological disparities are quite striking among races.
- C. Doing away with racial discrimination is challenging.
- D. Racial terms are still useful in certain fields of study.
答案：D
答案句：“While we argue phasing out racial terminology (术语) in the biological sciences, we also acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism, although filled with lots of challenges, remains necessary given our need to understand how structural inequities and discrimination produce health disparities (差异) between groups.” Yudell said.
参考译文：“虽然我们主张在生物科学中逐步淘汰种族术语，但我们也承认，将种族作为政治或社会类别来研究种族主义，尽管充满许多挑战，仍然是必要的，因为我们需要理解结构性不平等和歧视如何导致群体之间的健康差异。”尤德尔说。
定位线索：题干“Yudell's remark in the last paragraph”→答案句“using race as a political or social category... remains necessary”；文中“remains necessary”对应选项D“Racial terms are still useful in certain fields of study”（种族术语在某些研究领域仍然有用）。
解析：题干要求从尤德尔最后一句话进行推断。答案句明确说“将种族作为政治或社会类别来研究种族主义……仍然是必要的”，即种族术语在政治和社会研究中仍有用，选项D“种族术语在某些研究领域仍然有用”正是对该信息的合理推断。选项A“坚持种族主义延长不平等和歧视”无中生有，原文未提及“坚持种族主义”；选项B“种族间生理差异显著”与原文观点相反，原文认为种族是社会建构；选项C“消除种族歧视具有挑战性”偷换概念，原文说的是“使用种族作为类别研究种族主义充满挑战”，而非“消除种族歧视”。