51. What accounts for the divide within the scientific community about nuclear energy?
- A. Attention to combating human-made climate change.
- B. Emphasis on protecting wildlife and natural ecosystems.
- C. Evolution of the term “green energy” over the last century.
- D. Adherence to different interpretations of environmentalism.
答案：D
答案句：The distinction between these two strands of environmentalism is the cause of a split within the scientific community about nuclear energy. … On one side are purists who believe nuclear power isn't worth the risk and the exclusive solution to the climate crisis is renewable energy. The opposing side agrees that renewables are crucial, but says society needs an amount of power available to meet consumers' basic demands when the sun isn't shining and the wind isn't blowing.
参考译文：这两种环保主义之间的区别是科学界在核能问题上产生分歧的原因。… 一方是纯粹主义者，他们认为核能不值得冒险，应对气候危机的唯一解决方案是可再生能源。另一方同意可再生能源至关重要，但表示社会需要一定的电力供应，以满足太阳不照耀、风不吹时消费者的基本需求。
定位线索：题干“divide within the scientific community”→答案句“split within the scientific community”；文中“distinction between these two strands of environmentalism”对应选项“different interpretations of environmentalism”。
解析：题干问科学界在核能问题上分歧的原因，答案句首句明确指出“The distinction between these two strands of environmentalism is the cause of a split”，即两种环保主义解释的差异是原因，对应D选项“Adherence to different interpretations of environmentalism”。A、B选项是环保主义的不同含义，但并非直接导致分歧；C选项偷换概念，文中说的是“environmentalism”而非“green energy”。
52. What is the solution to energy shortage proposed by purists' opponents?
- A. Relying on renewables firmly and exclusively.
- B. Using fossil fuel and green energy alternately.
- C. Opting for nuclear energy when necessary.
- D. Limiting people's non-basic consumption.
答案：C
答案句：The opposing side agrees that renewables are crucial, but says society needs an amount of power available to meet consumers' basic demands when the sun isn't shining and the wind isn't blowing. Nuclear energy, being far cleaner than oil, gas and coal, is a natural option, especially where hydroelectric capacity is limited.
参考译文：另一方同意可再生能源至关重要，但表示社会需要一定的电力供应，以满足太阳不照耀、风不吹时消费者的基本需求。核能比石油、天然气和煤炭清洁得多，是一个自然的选择，尤其是在水力发电能力有限的地方。
定位线索：题干“purists' opponents”→答案句“The opposing side”；文中“when the sun isn't shining and the wind isn't blowing”对应选项“when necessary”；文中“Nuclear energy... is a natural option”对应选项“Opting for nuclear energy”。
解析：题干问纯粹主义者的反对者提出的解决能源短缺的方案，答案句明确指出反对者认为需要稳定的电力，而核能是自然选择，对应C选项“Opting for nuclear energy when necessary”。A选项是纯粹主义者的观点，属于张冠李戴；B选项“fossil fuel”与原文“far cleaner than oil, gas and coal”矛盾；D选项无中生有。
53. What point does the author want to make with cities like Burlington as an example?
- A. It is controversial whether the goal of the whole world's exclusive dependence on renewables is attainable.
- B. It is contentious whether cities with large populations have renewable resources at their immediate disposal.
- C. It is arguable whether cities that manage to run off renewables have sustainable hydroelectric capabilities.
- D. It is debatable whether traditional fossil fuel energy can be done away with entirely throughout the world.
答案：A
答案句：The achievability of universal 100% renewability is similarly contentious. Cities such as Burlington, Vermont, have been “100% renewable” for years. But these cities often have small populations, occasionally still rely on fossil fuel energy and have significant renewable resources at their immediate disposal.
参考译文：实现全球100%可再生能源的可行性同样存在争议。像佛蒙特州伯灵顿这样的城市多年来一直是“100%可再生能源”。但这些城市通常人口较少，偶尔仍依赖化石燃料能源，并且拥有丰富的可再生资源可供直接使用。
定位线索：题干“cities like Burlington”→答案句“Cities such as Burlington, Vermont”；文中“The achievability of universal 100% renewability is similarly contentious”对应选项“It is controversial whether the goal of the whole world's exclusive dependence on renewables is attainable”。
解析：例证题中，例子本身（伯灵顿等城市）不是答案依据，例子前面的观点句“The achievability of universal 100% renewability is similarly contentious”才是关键，它指出全球100%可再生能源的目标是否可实现存在争议，对应A选项。B选项偷换概念，原文说这些城市“small populations”而非“large populations”；C选项无中生有，原文未提及“sustainable hydroelectric capabilities”；D选项范围扩大，原文讨论的是可再生能源而非化石燃料。
54. What do we learn about Germany regarding renewable energy?
- A. It has increased its wind and solar power generation four times over the last two decades.
- B. It represents a good example of a major industrialized country promoting green energy.
- C. It relies on renewable energy to generate more than half of its electricity.
- D. It has succeeded in reaching the goal of energy transition set by Merkel.
答案：B
答案句：Germany stands as the best case study for a large, industrialized country pushing into green energy. Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2011 announced Energiewende, an energy transition that would phase out nuclear and coal while phasing in renewables. Wind and solar power generation has increased over 400% since 2010, and renewables provided 46% of the country's electricity in 2019.
参考译文：德国是大型工业化国家推进绿色能源的最佳案例。总理安格拉·默克尔在2011年宣布了“能源转型”，即逐步淘汰核能和煤炭，同时逐步引入可再生能源。自2010年以来，风能和太阳能发电量增长了400%以上，2019年可再生能源提供了该国46%的电力。
定位线索：题干“Germany regarding renewable energy”→答案句“Germany stands as the best case study”；文中“best case study”对应选项“represents a good example”；文中“pushing into green energy”对应选项“promoting green energy”。
解析：题干问关于德国可再生能源的情况，答案句首句明确指出德国是大型工业化国家推进绿色能源的最佳案例，对应B选项“It represents a good example of a major industrialized country promoting green energy”。A选项“over the last two decades”错误，原文说“since 2010”；C选项“more than half”错误，原文说“46%”；D选项“succeeded in reaching the goal”与后文“progress has halted”矛盾。