46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?
- A. It would be vital to the progress of human civilisation.
- B. It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.
- C. It might present challenges as well as opportunities.
- D. It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.
答案：B
答案句：Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”, and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as “ crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species”.
参考译文：斯蒂芬·霍金教授警告说，强大的人工智能（AI）的创造将是“有史以来发生在人类身上的最好的事，或者最坏的事”，并称赞创建一所致力于研究智能未来的学术机构“对我们文明和我们物种的未来至关重要”。
定位线索：题干“What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence”→答案句取自第1段“either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”；文中“either the best, or the worst thing”对应选项B“a blessing or a disaster”。
解析：题干问霍金对AI的看法，答案句直接引用霍金的话，指出AI要么是最好要么是最坏的事，即可能是福也可能是祸，对应B项。A项“对人类文明进步至关重要”是霍金对LCFI研究所的评价，不是对AI本身的看法，偷换概念；C项“挑战与机遇并存”虽有一定合理性，但不如B项准确，B项更直接对应原文的“最好或最坏”；D项“人类智能的重大扩展”文中未提及，无中生有。
48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?
- A. The shift of research focus from the past to the future.
- B. The shift of research from theory to implementation.
- C. The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.
- D. The increasing awareness of mankind's past stupidity.
答案：A
答案句：“We spend a great deal of time study in history,” Hawking said, “which, let's face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it's a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”
参考译文：“我们花了大量时间研究历史，”霍金说，“但说实话，历史大多是愚蠢的历史。所以，人们转而研究智能的未来，这是一个可喜的变化。”
定位线索：题干“What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research”→答案句取自第2段“a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence”；文中“studying instead the future of intelligence”对应选项A“The shift of research focus from the past to the future”。
解析：题干问霍金认为AI研究中可喜的变化是什么，答案句明确说“人们转而研究智能的未来”是“可喜的变化”，即研究焦点从过去转向未来，对应A项。B项“从理论到实施”文中未提及，无中生有；C项“更强调AI的负面影响”文中未提及，无中生有；D项“对人类过去愚蠢的认识增加”是霍金对历史的评价，不是“可喜的变化”本身，偷换概念。
49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?
- A. It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.
- B. It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.
- C. Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.
- D. Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.
答案：D
答案句：While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring.
参考译文：虽然这位世界著名的物理学家经常对AI持谨慎态度，担心如果人类创造出有自己意志的超级智能，可能会成为自己毁灭的缔造者，但他也很快强调了AI研究能带来的积极方面。
定位线索：题干“What concerns did Hawking raise about AI”→答案句取自第3段“raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own”；文中“humanity could be the architect of its own destruction”对应选项D“Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind”。
解析：题干问霍金对AI的担忧，答案句明确说霍金担心“人类可能成为自己毁灭的缔造者”，即超级智能可能最终毁灭人类，对应D项。A项“迟早超过人类智能”文中未提及，无中生有；B项“最终过度放大人类思维”文中提到“amplified by AI”是积极方面，不是担忧，偷换概念；C项“超级智能可能导致自身毁灭”偷换概念，原文是“人类”可能被毁灭，不是超级智能自身。
50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?
- A. They are much influenced by the academic community.
- B. They are most likely to benefit from AI development.
- C. They share the same concerns about AI as academics.
- D. They believe they can keep AI under human control.
答案：C
答案句：The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.
参考译文：学术界并非唯一警告AI潜在危险和潜在利益的群体。许多科技行业的先驱，最著名的是企业家埃隆·马斯克，也表达了对超级智能AI可能对人类造成损害的担忧。
定位线索：题干“What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry”→答案句取自第6段“A number of pioneers from the technology industry...have also expressed their concerns”；文中“also expressed their concerns”对应选项C“They share the same concerns about AI as academics”。
解析：题干问科技行业的一些企业家的情况，答案句明确说“学术界并非唯一警告AI潜在危险的群体”，科技先驱们也表达了担忧，即他们与学术界有同样的担忧，对应C项。A项“深受学术界影响”文中未提及，无中生有；B项“最可能从AI发展中受益”文中未提及，无中生有；D项“相信能控制AI”文中未提及，无中生有。