53. What will happen when food aid is offered at a price?
- A. The rich will become richer and the poor poorer.
- B. More people will be willing to join in the effort.
- C. More food will be made available to the needy.
- D. The relief effort will be rendered less sustainable.
答案：A
答案句：When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached, like loan repayment or food for resources, it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order.
参考译文：当援助附带沉重条件时，如偿还贷款或用食物换取资源，它往往会扩大贫富差距并维持旧的世界秩序。
定位线索：题干“food aid is offered at a price”→答案句“aid is offered with heavy conditions attached”；文中“widens the gap between rich and poor”对应选项A“The rich will become richer and the poor poorer”。
解析：题干问带价援助的后果，答案句明确说“widens the gap between rich and poor”，即扩大贫富差距，对应A项“rich richer and poor poorer”。B项无中生有，文中未提更多人参与；C项与文意相反，带价援助不会让穷人得到更多食物；D项无中生有，文中未提可持续性。
54. How can scientists help cope with poverty and hunger?
- A. By collaborating closely with world economic institutions.
- B. By sharing expertise with peers in poverty-stricken nations.
- C. By setting up more food research programs in developing countries.
- D. By building self-respect in people suffering from undernutrition.
答案：B
答案句：By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger, scientists can help reduce these problems.
参考译文：通过与最易受贫困和饥饿影响国家的同行分享农业和气候知识，科学家可以帮助减少这些问题。
定位线索：题干“scientists help cope with poverty and hunger”→答案句“scientists can help reduce these problems”；文中“sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers”对应选项B“sharing expertise with peers”；文中“countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger”对应选项B“poverty-stricken nations”。
解析：题干问科学家如何帮助应对贫困和饥饿，答案句明确说通过分享农业和气候知识给贫困国家同行，对应B项“sharing expertise with peers in poverty-stricken nations”。A项无中生有，文中未提合作；C项无中生有，文中未提研究项目；D项偷换概念，文中是“self-confident people”而非“self-respect”。
55. What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?
- A. Wealthy nations should solve their own food problems first.
- B. Rich countries should be more generous in providing food aid.
- C. Poor nations should enhance their own ability to solve their food shortages.
- D. World economic institutions should play a bigger role in fighting hunger.
答案：C
答案句：The ability to overcome food shortages that must be built into some of the poorest countries will not come from loans from wealthy countries, which may have food problems of their own, or world economic institutions. This ability will be built upon self-confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves out of their misery
参考译文：一些最贫穷国家必须建立的克服粮食短缺的能力，不会来自富裕国家的贷款（这些国家可能自身也有粮食问题）或世界经济机构。这种能力将建立在自信的人民利用开放共享的科学知识摆脱自身苦难的基础上。
定位线索：题干“message at the end of the passage”→答案句取自末段“The ability to overcome food shortages...will not come from loans...This ability will be built upon self-confident people”；文中“will not come from loans from wealthy countries”排除选项A和D；文中“pull themselves out of their misery”对应选项C“enhance their own ability”。
解析：题干问作者结尾传达的信息，答案句指出克服粮食短缺的能力不会来自富裕国家贷款或世界经济机构，而要靠自信的人民自己，对应C项“poor nations should enhance their own ability”。A项偷换概念，文中说富裕国家可能自身有问题，但重点是穷国靠自己；B项无中生有，文中未提更慷慨；D项与文意相反，文中明确说不会来自世界经济机构。