47. What does the author say about consumers facing an explosion of green claims?
- A. They can easily see through the businesses' tricks.
- B. They have to spend lots of time choosing products.
- C. They have doubt about current green certification.
- D. They are not clear which products are truly green.
答案：D
答案句：In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don't always know what they are getting.
参考译文：在过去五年左右的时间里，绿色声明和环境声明激增。很明显，消费者并不总是知道他们得到的是什么。
定位线索：题干“explosion of green claims”→答案句取自第6段“an explosion of green claims”；文中“consumers don't always know what they are getting”对应选项D“They are not clear which products are truly green”。
解析：题干问作者怎么看待"绿色声明激增"下的消费者。第六段答案句指出“consumers don’t always know what they are getting”（消费者并不总清楚自己买到的是什么），与选项D“他们不清楚哪些产品才是真正环保的”一致。选项A“能轻易看穿商家把戏”与原文相反；选项B“要花大量时间挑选产品”原文未提及；选项C“怀疑现行的绿色认证”偷换概念——原文说的是不知道产品本身，而不是在质疑认证制度。
48. What was SC Johnson accused of in the class-action lawsuits?
- A. It gave consumers the impression that all its products were truly green.
- B. It gave a third party the authority to label its products as environmentally friendly.
- C. It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party.
- D. It sold cleaning products that were not included in the official “Greenlist”.
答案：C
答案句：The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company's own.
参考译文：诉讼称，该标签具有误导性，因为它给人的印象是产品已获得第三方认证，而实际上认证是公司自己的。
定位线索：题干“SC Johnson accused”→答案句取自第7段“The lawsuits said”；文中“gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party”对应选项C“It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party”。
解析：题干问SC Johnson在集体诉讼中被指控什么。第七段答案句明确说该标签“was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party”（误导之处在于让人以为产品获得了第三方认证），与选项C完全对应。选项A“让人以为所有产品都真正绿色”扩大了范围，原文的误导点是“第三方认证”这一条；选项B“授权第三方贴标签”与原文“the certification was the company’s own”（认证是公司自己做的）相反；选项D“销售未列入官方Greenlist的产品”原文未提及。
49. How did Christopher Beard defend his company's labeling practice?
- A. There were no clear guidelines concerning green labeling.
- B. His company's products had been well received by the public.
- C. It was in conformity to the prevailing practice in the market.
- D. No law required the involvement of a third party in certification.
答案：A
答案句：“ We are very proud of our accomplishments under the Greenlist system and we believe that we will prevail in these cases,” Christopher Beard, director of public affairs for SC Johnson, said, while acknowledging that “ this has been an area that is difficult to navigate.”
参考译文：“我们为在Greenlist体系下取得的成就感到非常自豪，我们相信我们将在这些案件中获胜，”SC Johnson公共事务总监Christopher Beard说，同时承认“这是一个难以驾驭的领域。”
定位线索：题干“Christopher Beard defend”→答案句取自第8段“Christopher Beard...said”；文中“this has been an area that is difficult to navigate”对应选项A“There were no clear guidelines concerning green labeling”。
解析：题干问Christopher Beard如何为公司做法辩护。他先说对Greenlist系统的成果“very proud”、相信会胜诉，随即承认“this has been an area that is difficult to navigate”（这个领域很难有章可循），言下之意是绿色标签缺乏明确规范，与选项A“没有明确的绿色标签准则”一致——“difficult to navigate”正对应“no clear guidelines”。选项B“产品广受公众欢迎”原文未提及；选项C“符合市场普遍做法”也未提及；选项D“法律未要求第三方认证”没有出处，原句并未援引法律。
50. What does Kevin Wilhelm imply by saying “It's kind of a Wild West” (Line 3, Para. 11)?
- A. Businesses compete to produce green products.
- B. Each business acts its own way in green labeling.
- C. Consumers grow wild with products labeled green.
- D. Anything produced in the West can be labeled green.
答案：B
答案句：“About once a week, I have a client that will bring up a new certification I've never even heard of and I'm in this industry,” said Kevin Wilhelm, chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting. “It's kind of a Wild West, anybody can claim themselves to be green.” Mr. Wilhelm said the excess of labels made it difficult for businesses and consumers to know which labels they should pay attention to.
参考译文：“大约每周一次，我会有客户提到一个我从未听说过的新认证，而我就在这个行业，”Sustainable Business Consulting首席执行官Kevin Wilhelm说。“这有点像狂野西部，任何人都可以声称自己是绿色的。”Wilhelm先生说，过多的标签使企业和消费者难以知道应该关注哪些标签。
定位线索：题干“Wild West”→答案句取自第11段“It's kind of a Wild West”；文中“anybody can claim themselves to be green”和“excess of labels”对应选项B“Each business acts its own way in green labeling”。
解析：题干问Kevin Wilhelm说“有点像狂野西部”是什么意思。他紧接着自己作了解释：“anybody can claim themselves to be green”（谁都能自称环保），并说标签泛滥让企业和消费者都不知道该信哪个——即各家在绿色标签上各行其是、没有统一标准，与选项B一致。选项A“企业竞相生产绿色产品”曲解原意（原文说的是“宣称”而非“生产”）；选项C“消费者对绿色产品变得疯狂”属望文生义；选项D“西方生产的都能贴绿标”把Wild West字面化，错误。