51. What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe?
- A. They had to work from early morning till late at night.
- B. They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.
- C. Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.
- D. Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.
答案：C
答案句：In agrarian (农业的), pre-industrial Europe, “you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work, ” says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific. “Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper.” … This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family.
参考译文：在农业的、前工业化的欧洲，“你会想要早起，随着日出开始工作，休息一下吃最丰盛的一餐，然后回去工作，”太平洋大学历史学教授肯·阿尔巴拉说。“之后，在5点或6点，你会吃一顿较小的晚餐。” … 这种舒适的循环，其中一天的节奏帮助塑造了用餐的节奏，催生了与大家庭一起吃的丰盛午餐的习俗。
定位线索：题干“pre-industrial Europe”→答案句取自第1段“In agrarian, pre-industrial Europe”；文中“wake up early, start working with the sunrise”和“rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals”对应选项C“daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle”。
解析：题干问前工业化欧洲人们的情况，答案句直接描述他们日出而作、日落而息，且明确提到“rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals”，即日常节奏遵循自然循环，对应C选项。A选项“从早工作到深夜”无中生有，原文只说工作到下午5、6点；B选项“只吃简单餐食”与原文“largest meal”矛盾；D选项“比今天舒适得多”是过度推断，原文未比较整体生活舒适度。
52. What does Professor Carole Counihan say about pre-industrial European families eating meals together?
- A. It was helpful to maintaining a nation's tradition.
- B. It brought family members closer to each other.
- C. It was characteristic of the agrarian culture.
- D. It enabled families to save a lot of money.
答案：B
答案句：“Meals are the foundation of the family,” says Carole Counihan, a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania, “so there was a very important interconnection between eating together”and strengthening family ties.
参考译文：“膳食是家庭的基础，”宾夕法尼亚州米勒斯维尔大学的教授卡罗尔·考尼汉说，“所以一起吃饭和加强家庭纽带之间有着非常重要的联系。”
定位线索：题干“Professor Carole Counihan”→答案句取自第2段“Carole Counihan”；文中“strengthening family ties”对应选项B“brought family members closer to each other”。
解析：题干问Carole Counihan对前工业化欧洲家庭一起吃饭的说法。答案句引用她的话“Meals are the foundation of the family”（一起吃饭是家庭的基础），即共餐让家庭成员之间更亲近，与选项B“它让家人关系更紧密”一致。选项A“有助于维系国家传统”曲解了“foundation of the family”；选项C“是农业文化的特征”把背景当成了她这句话的重点；选项D“让家庭省下不少钱”原文未提及。
53. What does“cultural metabolism”(Line l, Para.3)refer to?
- A. Evolutionary adaptation.
- B. Changes in lifestyle.
- C. Social progress.
- D. Pace of life.
答案：B
答案句：Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand.
参考译文：自工业化以来，维持这种缓慢的文化代谢变得更加困难，漫长的午餐时间缩减为只能塞进午餐桶或在食品摊上购买的东西。
定位线索：题干“cultural metabolism”(Line l, Para.3)→答案句取自第3段“maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder”；文中“shrinking”对应选项B“Changes in lifestyle”（生活方式的变化）。
解析：题干问“cultural metabolism”的含义，答案句指出工业化后维持这种缓慢的文化代谢更难，午餐从长时间用餐变为快速解决，这体现了生活方式的变化。正确选项B是对此的同义转述。错误选项A“进化适应”、C“社会进步”、D“生活节奏”均未直接对应原文，属于无中生有或偷换概念。