51. What do we learn about McDonald's inclusion of toys in its Happy Meals?
- A. It may shed light on people's desire to crack a secret.
- B. It has proved to be key to McDonald's business success.
- C. It appeals to kid's curiosity to fred out what is hidden inside.
- D. It may be a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake.
答案：D
答案句：The secret to eating less and being happy about it may have been cracked years ago--by McDonald's. According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab, small non-food rewards--like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals--stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.
参考译文：少吃东西并且对此感到快乐的秘诀可能多年前就被麦当劳破解了。根据康奈尔大学食品与品牌实验室的一项新研究，小的非食物奖励——比如麦当劳开心乐园餐里的玩具——会刺激大脑中与食物相同的奖励中心。
定位线索：题干“McDonald's inclusion of toys in its Happy Meals”→答案句“small non-food rewards--like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals”；文中“stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does”对应选项D“a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake”（刺激奖励中心→愉快方式，减少食物摄入→少吃）。
解析：题干问麦当劳在开心乐园餐中放玩具的作用，答案句明确指出非食物奖励（玩具）刺激大脑奖励中心，与食物相同，说明玩具能带来愉悦感，且文章开头提到“少吃并快乐”的秘诀，因此玩具是让孩子减少食物摄入的愉快方式。选项A“揭示人们破解秘密的欲望”偷换概念，文中秘密已被破解；B“证明是麦当劳商业成功的关键”无中生有；C“吸引孩子好奇心”文中未提及。
53. What is most interesting in Martin Reimann's finding?
- A. Kids preferred an award in the form of money to one in the form of a toy.
- B. Adults chose the smaller portion on the mere promise of a future award.
- C. Both kids and adults felt satisfied with only half of their meal portions.
- D. Neither children nor adults could resist the temptation of a free toy.
答案：B
答案句：Even more interesting is that the promise of a future reward was enough to make adults choose the smaller portion. One of the prizes used was a lottery ticket (彩票), with a $10, $50 or $100 payout, and this was as effective as a tangible gift in persuading people to eat less.
参考译文：更有趣的是，未来奖励的承诺足以让成年人选择较小的份量。使用的奖品之一是彩票，奖金为10美元、50美元或100美元，这在说服人们少吃方面与实物礼物一样有效。
定位线索：题干“most interesting in Martin Reimann's finding”→答案句“Even more interesting is that the promise of a future reward was enough to make adults choose the smaller portion”；文中“promise of a future reward”对应选项B“on the mere promise of a future award”（仅凭未来奖励的承诺）。
解析：题干问赖曼发现中最有趣的部分，答案句明确说“更有趣的是未来奖励的承诺足以让成年人选择较小份量”，直接对应选项B。选项A“孩子更喜欢金钱而非玩具”文中未比较；C“感到满足”文中未提；D“无法抵抗免费玩具诱惑”与未来奖励无关。
54. How does Martin Reimann interpret his finding?
- A. The emotional component of the prizes is at work.
- B. People now care more about quality than quantity.
- C. People prefer certainty awards to possible awards.
- D. The desire for a future reward is overwhelming.
答案：A
答案句：He theorizes that it is the emotional component of these intangible prizes that make them effective. In fact, vaguely-stated possibilities of winning a prize were more effective than options with hard odds included.
参考译文：他推测，正是这些无形奖品的情感成分使它们有效。事实上，模糊陈述的获奖可能性比包含明确概率的选项更有效。
定位线索：题干“How does Martin Reimann interpret his finding”→答案句“He theorizes that it is the emotional component of these intangible prizes that make them effective”；文中“emotional component”对应选项A“The emotional component of the prizes is at work”（奖品的情感成分在起作用）。
解析：题干问赖曼如何解释他的发现，答案句直接说“正是无形奖品的情感成分使它们有效”，对应选项A。选项B“人们更关心质量而非数量”无中生有；C“人们更喜欢确定的奖励”与原文“模糊陈述的可能性更有效”相反；D“未来奖励的欲望压倒一切”程度过重，文中未说“压倒一切”。